MASAPARNI (Whole Plant)
Masaparni consists of dried whole plant of Teramnus labialis Spreng. (Fam. Fabacem), a very variable climbing or spreading hairy herb, found throughout the country.
SYNONYMS
Sansk. : Mahasaha, Suryasani, Kamboj, Pandutomasa Pasni
Assam. : —
Beng. : Mashance, Bankalaai, Mashani
Eng. : Vogel-Tephrosis
Guj. : Banudad, Janglee, Adad
Hindi. : Mashvan, Banvdad, Mashoni
Kan. : Kadu Uddu
Kash. : —
Mal. : Katu Ulandu
Mar. : Ran Udid
Ori. : —
Punj. : Jangali Urad
Tam. : Kattu-Ulandu
Tel. : Karuminum, Mashperni
Urdu. : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root – Tap root with lateral roots occurs in cylindrical, branched pieces, 3-5 cm long, and upto 1cm in dia., light brown to dark brown, with longitudinal and transverse cracks; lateral roots thin, smooth, moderately woody; fracture, laminated and short.
Stem – Cut pieces 5-8 cm long, upto 0.8 cm in dia, somewhat twisted and branched, or cylindrical, slender, rough due to cracks and longitudinal ridges and furrows, brownishgrey;
fracture, short and fibrous.
Leaf – Trifoliate, leaflet ovate-oblong, 6-12 cm long, base round or acute, light brownish-yellow.
Flower – Lax axillary racemes, 5-15 cm long, flowers red, pink, purple or white, slender, more or less hairy rachis.
Fruit – Pod upto 5 cm long, straight or sometimes slightly recurved, brownish-black to dark brown, having 6-8 or 12 seeds.
Seed – Oblong, cylindrical, slightly rounded at the ends; 2-3 mm long upto 2 mm in dia.; dark brown.
b) Microscopic
Root – Poorly developed cork, 4-10 layered, consisting of tangentially elongated cells with brown walls, exfoliating strips of crushed cork cells occasionally present; secondary cortex consisting of 3-8 rows of tangentially elongated, thin-walled cells; secondary phloem appearing dome-shaped, composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma, fibres, and crystal fibres, the whole being traversed by phloem rays that funnel out beyond phloem; phloem parenchyma thin-walled, polygonal; phloem fibres numerous, lignified, thick-walled, septate, occur mostly in groups, among phloem parenchyma; crystal fibres present containing a prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate; cambium not distinct; secondary xylem consisting of vessels, fibres and crystal fibres all traversed by xylem rays; vessels solitary or in groups of 2-3 with pitted thickenings; tracheids present, fibres septate with thick-walls and pointed; xylem parenchyma nonlignified, thick-walled elongated cells; crystal fibres, elongated, thick-walled, divided by transverse partitions into chambers, each chamber containing a prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate; xylem rays, 1 to 6 cells wide, thin-walled radially elongated; prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, and starch grains present in secondary cortex, phloem fibres, phloem parenchyma and medullary rays; starch grains, numerous, mostly simple, rarely compound, oval to rounded with central hilum measuring 3-14 μ in dia.
Stem – Shows 6-11 layers, thin-walled, rectangular, exfoliated cork cells; secondary cortex consisting of thin-walled, oval to rectangular, parenchymatous cells having numerous groups of cortical fibres, arranged in radial rows; pericycle composed of isolated strands of fibres, occasionally with stone cells between them; secondary phloem composed of usual elements along with secretory cells; secondary xylem composed of usual elements; xylem fibres long, lignified; vessels simple pitted; ray 1 or 2 cells wide, pith composed of oval to polygonal, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells containing secretory cells.
Leaf –
Midrib – single layered epidermis covered by thick cuticle, and having a few unicellular hairs on both surfaces; this is followed by 4 or 5 layered, thick-walled polygonal, collenchymatous cells on both lower and upper surfaces; 2 or 3 layers of oval to polygonal, thin-walled parenchymatous cells present on both surfaces; ‘U’ shaped vascular bundles having usual elements.
Lamina – single layered epidermis covered by thick striated cuticle and having a few unicellular hairs on both surfaces; single layered palisade cell; 1 or 2 layers of thinwalled, polygonal parenchymatous cells containing chlorophyll on lower surface, a few small vascular bundles having usual elements scattered in central regions; stomata paracytic on both surfaces; stomatal index 28-34 on lower surfaces and 18-24 on upper surfaces; palisade ratio not more than 5; vein-islet number 6-8; veinlet termination number not more than 4.
Fruit – Single layered, thick-walled, radially elongated, epidermal cells, followed by one row of thick-walled, rounded to rectangular, stone cells of various sizes having narrow, lumen and centric striations, 3 or 4 layers of thin-walled radially elongated, parenchymatous cells and several layers of thick-walled, lignified sclerenchymatous cells of mesocarp.
Seed – Testa containing thick-walled, tangentially elongated, lignified, sclerenchymatous cells, followed by 2 layers of thin-walled, palisade-like cells, palisade internally supported by a single layered bearer cells; cotyledons consist of oval to polygonal, thin walled parenchymatous cells.
Powder – Light yellowish-cream; shows fragments of cork, parenchyma, tracheids, unicellular hairs, thick-walled, elongated, polygonal cells of testa, simple pitted vessel, septate, thick-walled and pointed fibres; prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, simple, oval to rounded starch grains measuring 3 -14 μ in dia.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 7 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.5 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 3 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 7 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C.-
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene: Ethylacetate (9 : 1) shows under UV (366 nm) seven fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 (all blue), 0.26 (light blue), 0.49, 0.74 (both blue) and 0.85 (light blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour four spots appear at Rf. 0.05, 0.10, 0.33 and 0.69 (all yellow). On spraying with Vanillin-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for ten minutes at 110° C four spots appear at Rf. 0.05, 0.10, 0.33 (all violet) and 0.96 (dark violet).
CONSTITUENTS – Glycosides.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Balya, Grahi, Vrsya, Vatapittasamaka, Kaphavardhaka, Sukrala
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Amrtaprasa Ghrta, Asoka Ghrta, Vidaryadi Ghrta, Dhanwantara Ghrta, Narayana Taila, Brhat Masa Taila, Bala Taila, Mahanarayana Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Atisara, Pravahika, Vatapitta Jvara, Sukralpata, Raktapitta, Raktavikara, Daha, Sotha, Sirahsula
DOSE – 5-10 g. of the powder.
Latest Govt Job & Exam Updates: