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Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Fashion Studies (only class XII) 2018-19

March 27, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Fashion Studies (only class XII) 2018-19

FASHION STUDIES (CODE – 053)

CLASS – XII (2018-19)

Chapters

Periods

Marks

Chapter-I History of Fashion

Chapter-II Basic pattern development

20+15
(Theory + Practical)

Chapter–III Elements of Fashion

Chapter-IV Basics of garment making

20+15
(Theory + Practical)

180+60 for practical

70+30=100

FASHION STUDIES: Class XII

Chapter-I: History of Fashion 15 Marks 40 Periods

Objectives of the course

To provide an overview of history of costume from ancient civilization to the present To explain the socio-cultural factors influencing costume

To familiarize students with terminology of costume history

Learning outcomes

After completion of the unit, the students shall be able to:

Explain the significance of studying fashion History as a source of research for developing new collections.

Express their knowledge of History of clothing and Costume

Illustrate their understanding of the role of multiple factors influencing costume. Express their understanding of the effect of Industrial Revolution on clothing

Use appropriate Terminology related to Fashion History.

Course Content

Introduction to history of fashion, sources of information

Factors affecting clothing – protection, ritualistic, identification, adornment Origin and development of costume –

(i) Draped costume

(ii) War costume – armour, techniques of construction, ancient war costumes, uniforms during World Wars, Oriental and Indian war costumes

Industrial Revolution – mechanical inventions, influence on India Effect of World Wars on fashion

Evolution of 20

century Indian fashion and influence of films on fashion

Teaching Methodology: Illustrated lecture with slides and visuals

Reference Text:

Kaleidoscope of fashion, by Mehar Castilino Ancient Indian Costume, by Roshan Alkazi

Chapter–II: Basic Pattern Development 20 Marks 80 Periods

Objectives of the course

To introduce students to the World of Fashion Designing through pattern development

To explain the importance of skills for converting a design sketch into a three dimensional form

To develop basic blocks for bodice, sleeve and skirt

To understand and implement the concept and importance of test fits and to convert paper patterns into muslin

Learning outcomes

After completion of the unit, the students shall be able to: demonstrate understanding the basic skills of Pattern Making. demonstrate understanding of the concept of Fit and Balance.

develop Basic Blocks from measurement charts and body measurements. test fit and correct the fit of the Pattern.

develop patterns for simple Designs using basic blocks.

Course Content

Methods of measuring body and dress form Relationships of sizes and measurements Tools of pattern making

Common terms used in pattern development

Introduction to pattern Development for womenswear – how patterns are made and developed, the importance of fit and balance and methods of achieving it.

Basic Bodice – How to develope it from the standard measurement chart and test fitted on the dress form.

Details such as darts, seam allowance, notches grain lines etc. Details like Armholes, Necklines – V, U round, square etc.

How to develop basic sleeve block.

How to develop basic skirt block with one dart or two darts, A line and flared skirt Basics of collar development – basic collars like peter pan & Chinese

Dart manipulation

Teaching Methodology: Illustrate lectures with slides, visuals and demonstrations where ever

required.

Reference Text

Pattern making by Helen Armstrong

Pattern making for women’s wear by Winifred Aldrich

Pattern making by Pamela Stringer.

Chapter-III: Elements of Fashion 15 Marks 40 Periods

Objectives of the course

To introduce students to the basic segments in fashion clothing

To teach students about fashion, fashion centres, categories of clothing & trims.

To sensitize students about different items of garments in each category i.e. menswear, womens wear and childrens wear

To teach students the difference between high fashion and mass fashion garments.

To distinguish between custom made & ready to wear garments.

Learning outcomes

After completion of the unit, the students shall be able to: Demonstrate Understanding the segments in Fashion Clothing.

Demonstrate understanding and use of appropriate fashion terminologies. Exhibit Knowledge about Fashion Centers.

Demonstrate understanding of various categories of menswear, women’s wear and children wear.

Demonstrate understanding of trims used in Apparels.

Demonstrate understanding of difference between High Fashion, Mass Fashion and Custom made Clothing.

Course Content

Understanding Fashion definition and overview

Haute couture, High Fashion, Ready to Wear, Mass produced garments Fashion Capitals

Meanswear – Introduction, Categories, Elements of Design, Shirts, Pants and Shorts, Suits Womenswear – dresses, blouses, skirts, trousers, kameezes, saris & blouses

Introduction, Indian Womenswear, Elements of design and categories, in womenswear dresses, blouses./ skirts, trousers, kameezes, saris & blouses.

Kids wear – Introduction, garments for different ages – New born, Infants Toddlers, Pre teans and Teans, dungarees

Trims used for the fashion apparel

Teaching Methodology: Illustrated lectures with slides and visuals.

Reference Text:

Concept to consumer by Gini Stephens Frings Encyclopaedia of Fashion details

Chapter-IV: Basics of Garment Making 20 Marks 80 Periods

Objectives of the course

To teach students to assemble a garment

To construct a bodice using different seams To stitch a placket for bodice opening

To finish a neckline using piping and facing

To set a sleeve in the arm hole

Learning outcomes

After completion of the unit, the students shall be able to: assemble various parts of the garments.

finish a bodice with suitable seam finishes. attach the sleeves to the armhole.

assemble of cuffs

make samples of different garment components – sleev cuffs, neckless finishs, plackets.

Course content

Understanding fabric types and selection of underlining, interfacing and inter-lining Pattern methods, fabric for cutting

Pattern layout and cutting of special fabrics

Assembly of bodice using different seams and appropriate finish for side seam and shoulder seams

Types of plackets

Appropriate neckline finishes with piping, bias facing and shaped facing of stay stitching Sleeve attachment to the bodice by setting in the sleeve into armhole

Assembly of cuffs.

Teaching Methodology: Illustrate the content with slides, visuals and demonstrations wherever

required.

Reference Text:

Encyclopedia of dressmaking by Marshall Cavendish Readers Digest book of Sewing

Encyclopedia of Sewing

Class – XII Practicals

Chapter-I : History of Fashion

1. To identify the cultural context of body adornment and its continuation in contemporary society.

2. To use visual references to analyze ancient draped garments.

3. To analyze the impact of Industrial Revolution during the British Raj in India

4. Refer books, visit museums and archives, and view war moves as sources of information to make

projects on war clothing.

Chapter-II : Basic Pattern Development

5. Develop and test fit a basic bodice.

6. Develop and test fit bodices through dart manipulation.

7. Develop and test fit a basic skirt.

8. Develop style variations of skirts.

Chapter-III : Elements of Fashion

9. Design products with self-generated prints inspired from nature.

10. To demonstrate creative exploration of patterns created by using food products for dyeing process.

11. Develop print designs inspired inspired from animal skin by innovative use of materials.

12. Stencil printing technique to create design patterns / motifs.

Chapter-IV : Basics of Garment Making

13. Stitch a sample of a continuous placekt.

14. Stitch a sample of a basic shirt placket.

15. Stitch a sample of a basic shirt placket with facing.

16. Stitch a sample each of Extended facing, Bias facing and Shaped facing.

17. Stitch a sample of a cuff.

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

CLASS – XII (2018-19)

FASHION STUDIES (Code 053) Time 3 Hours

S.No

Typology of Questions

Very Short
Answer (VSA)
(1 mark)

Short
Answer-I (SA-I)
(2 marks)

Short
Answer-II (SA-II)
(3 marks)

Long
Answer (L.A)
(5 marks)

Total marks

%
Weightage

Knowledge based

—

13%

Conceptual understanding

20%

Application based and inferential type

—

30%

Reasoning

—

17%

Skill Based

20%

Total

7×1=7

8×2=16

9×3=27

4×5=20

70(28)

100%

Prescribed Books:

1. Fashion Studies : Textbook (Class XII) – Published by CBSE

2. Fashion Studies : Practical Manaul (Class XII) – Published by CBSE

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English Core 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English Core 2018-19

CBSE ENGLISH (CORE) (Code No. 301)

(2018-19)

Background

Students are expected to have acquired a reasonable degree of language proficiency in English by the time they come to

class XI, and the course will aim, essentially, at promoting the higher-order language skills.

For a large number of students, the higher secondary stage will be a preparation for the university, where a fairly high

degree of proficiency in English may be required. But for another large group, the higher secondary stage may be a preparation for entry into the world of work. The Core Course should cater to both groups by promoting the language skills required for academic study as well as the language skills required for the workplace.

Objectives

The general objectives at this stage are:

to listen and comprehend live as well as record in writing oral presentations on a variety of topics

to develop greater confidence and proficiency in the use of language skills necessary for social and academic purpose to participate in group discussions, interviews by making short oral presentation on given topics

to perceive the overall meaning and organisation of the text (i.e., the relationships of the different “chunks” in the text to each other

to identify the central/main point and supporting details, etc., to build communicative competence in various registers of English

to promote advanced language skills with an aim to develop the skills of reasoning, drawing inferences, etc. through meaningful activities

to translate texts from mother tongue(s) into English and vice versa

to develop ability and knowledge required in order to engage in independent reflection and enquiry

At the end of this stage learners will be able to do the following:

read and comprehend extended texts (prescribed and non-prescribed) in the following genres: science fiction, drama, poetry, biography, autobiography, travel and sports literature, etc.

text-based writing (i.e., writing in response to questions or tasks based on prescribed or unseen texts) understand and respond to lectures, speeches, etc.

write expository / argumentative essays, explaining or developing a topic, arguing a case, etc. write formal/informal letters and applications for different purposes

write items related to the workplace (minutes, memoranda, notices, summaries, reports etc.

filling up of forms, preparing CV, e-mail messages., making notes from reference materials, recorded talks etc.

The core course should draw upon the language items suggested for class IX-X and delve deeper into their usage and

functions. Particular attention may, however, be given to the following areas of grammar:

The use of passive forms in scientific and innovative writings.

Converting one kind of sentence/clause into a different kind of structure as well as other items to exemplify stylistic

variations in different discourses modal auxiliaries-uses based on semantic considerations.

Specific Objectives of Reading

Students are expected to develop the following study skills:

refer to dictionaries, encyclopaedia, thesaurus and academic reference material

select and extract relevant information, using reading skills of skimming and scanning understand the writer’s attitude and bias

comprehend the difference between what is said and what is implied understand the language of propaganda and persuasion

differentiate between claims and realities, facts and opinions form business opinions on the basis of latest trends available

comprehend technical language as required in computer related fields arrive at personal conclusion and comment on a given text specifically develop the ability to be original and creative in interpreting opinion develop the ability to

be logically persuasive in defending one’s opinion making notes based on a text

Develop literary skills as enumerated below:

personally respond to literary texts

appreciate and analyse special features of languages that differentiate literary texts from non-literary ones explore and evaluate features of character, plot, setting, etc.

understand and appreciate the oral, mobile and visual elements of drama identify the elements of style such as humour, pathos, satire and irony, etc.

make notes from various resources for the purpose of developing the extracted ideas into sustained pieces of writing

Listening and Speaking

Speaking needs a very strong emphasis and is an important objective leading to professional competence. Hence, testing of oral skills must be made an important component of the overall testing pattern. To this end, speaking and listening skills are overtly built into the material to guide the teachers in actualization of the skills.

Specific Objectives of Listening

Students are expected to develop the ability:

to listen to lectures and talks and to be able to extract relevant and useful information for a specific purpose.

to listen to news bulletins and to develop the ability to discuss informally on a wide ranging issues like current national and international affairs, sports, business, etc.

to respond in interviews and to participate in formal group discussions.

to make enquiries meaningfully and adequately and to respond to enquiries for the purpose of travelling within the country and abroad.

to listen to business news and to be able to extract relevant important information. to develop

the art of formal public speaking.

Guidelines for Assessment in Listening and Speaking Skills

A. Activities:
Activities for listening and speaking available at www.cbseacademic.in are to be used for developing listening and speaking skills of students.
Subject teachers should also refer to books prescribed in the syllabus.
In addition to the above, teachers may create their own material for assessing the listening and speaking skills.
B. Parameters for Assessment:

The listening and speaking skills are to be assessed on the following parameters:
i. Interactive competence (Initiation & turn taking, relevance to the topic).
ii. Fluency (cohesion, coherence and speed of delivery).
iii. Pronunciation
iv. Language (accuracy and vocabulary).
C. Schedule:

The practice of listening and speaking skills should be done throughout the academic year.
The final assessment of the skills is to be done as per the convenience and schedule of the school.
D. Record keeping:

The record of the activities done and the marks given must be kept for three months after the declaration of result of class XI, for any random checking by the Board.
No recording of speaking skills is to be done.

Specific Objectives of Writing

to write letters to friends, pen friends, relatives, etc. to write business and official letters.

to send faxes, e-mails[formal].

to open accounts in post offices and banks. to fill in railway/airline reservation forms.

to write on various issues to institutions seeking relevant information, lodge complaints, express thanks or tender apology.

to write applications, fill in application forms, prepare a personal bio-data for admission into colleges, universities, entrance tests and jobs.

to write informal reports as part of personal letters on functions, programmes and activities held in school (morning assembly, annual day, sports day, etc.)

to write formal reports for school magazines/events/processes/ or in local newspapers about events or occasions. to express opinions, facts, arguments in the form a speech or debates. to draft

papers to be presented in symposia.

to take down notes from talks and lectures.

to write examination answers according to the requirement of various subjects. to summarise a text.

About Reading

Inculcating good reading habits in children has always been a concern for all stakeholders in education. The purposes to create independent thinking individuals with the ability to not only create their own knowledge but also critically interpret, analyse and evaluate it with objectivity and fairness. This will also help students in learning and acquiring better language skills.

Creating learners for the 21st century involves making them independent learners who can learn, unlearn and relearn and,

if our children are in the habit of reading, they will learn to reinvent themselves and deal with the many challenges that lie ahead of them.

Reading is not merely decoding information or pronouncing words correctly. It is an interactive dialogue between the

author and the reader in which the reader and the author share their experiences and knowledge with each other. Good readers are critical readers with an ability to arrive at a deeper understanding of not only the world presented in the book

but also of the real world around them.

Consequently, they become independent thinkers capable of taking their own decisions in life rationally.

Hence, a few activities are suggested below which teachers may use as a part of the reading project. Short review

Dramatization of the story Commentary on the characters

Critical evaluation of the plot, storyline and characters

Comparing and contrasting the characters within the story and with other characters in stories by the same author or by the other authors

Extrapolating about the story read or life of characters after the story ends defending characters actions in the story Making an audio story out of the novel/text to be read aloud.

Interacting with the author

Holding a literature fest where students role-play as various characters to interact with each other Role playing as authors/poets/dramatists, to defend their works and characters

Symposiums and seminars for introducing a book, an author, or a theme Creating graphic novels out of novel or short stories they read Dramatizing incidents from a novel or a story

Creating their own stories

Books of one genre to be read by the whole class.

Teachers may select books suitable to the age and level of the learners. Care ought to be taken to choose books that are

appropriate in terms of language, theme and content and which do not hurt the sensibilities of a child.

Teachers may later suggest books from other languages but dealing with the same themes as an extended activity. The

Project should lead to independent learning/reading skills and hence the chosen book should not be taught in class, but may be introduced through activities and be left for the students to read at their

own pace. Teachers may, however, choose to assess a student’s progress or success in reading the book by asking for

verbal or written progress reports, looking at their diary entries, engaging in a discussion about the book, giving a short quiz or a work sheet about the book/short story. The mode of assessment may be decided by the teachers as they see fit.

Methods and Techniques

The techniques used for teaching should promote habits of self-learning and reduce dependence on the teacher. In general,

we recommend a multi-skill, learner-centred, activity based approach, of which there can be many variations. The core classroom activity is likely to be that of silent reading of prescribed/selected texts for comprehension, which can lead to other forms of language learning activities such as role-play, dramatization, group discussion, writing, etc., although many such activities could be carried out without the preliminary use of textual material. It is important that students be trained to read independently and intelligently, interacting actively with texts, with the use of reference materials (dictionary, thesaurus, etc.) where necessary. Some pre-reading activity will generally be required, and the course books should suggest suitable activities, leaving teachers free to devise other activities when desired. So also, the reading of texts should be followed by post reading activities. It is important to remember that every text can generate different readings. Students

should be encouraged to interpret texts in different ways.

Group and pair activities can be resorted to when desired, but many useful language activities can be carried out

individually. In general, teachers should encourage students to interact actively with texts and with each other. Oral activity (group discussion, etc.) should be encouraged.

ENGLISH CORE (CODE NO. 301)

CBSE CLASS – XI(2018-19)

SECTION – A( 20 Marks)

CBSE READING COMPREHENSION 45 Periods

There shall be two unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions like Very Short Answer Questions, Short Answer Questions and Multiple Choice Questions, including 04 marks for vocabulary such as word formation and inferring meaning. Multiple Choice Questions(1×6=6marks), Very Short Answer Questions( 1×6= 6marks), 01 Short Answer Questions(1×3=3marks), 01 Long Answer Question ( 1×5=5marks)

The total range of the 2 passages including a poem or a stanza, should be around 900-1000 words as per the following

details:

1. The passage of 550-600 words in length will be used for note-making and summarising.

2. The passage of 350-400 words in length will be used to test comprehension, interpretation and inference.

3. An unseen poem of about 28-35 lines.

The passages as given above could be of any one of the following types:

Factual passages, e.g., illustrations, description, reports / Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, persuasive/Literary passages e.g. extracts from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc. In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than the prescribed word limit.

CBSE WRITING SKILLS AND GRAMMAR

SECTION B( 30 Marks)

Writing 60 Periods

Short Answer Questions: Based on notice/ poster/ advertisement- 4 Marks

Long Answer Questions: Letters based on verbal/visual input. – 6 Marks It would cover all types of letters. Letter types may include:

(a) business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies)

(b) letters to the editor (giving suggestions/opinions on an issue)

(d) letter to the school or college authorities, regarding admissions, school issues, requirements / suitability of courses, etc.

Very Long Answer Question: Composition in the form of article/speech/report writing or a narrative- 10 Marks

CBSE GRAMMAR

Different grammatical structures in meaningful contexts will be tested. Item types will include gap filling, sentence re- ordering, dialogue completion and sentence transformation. The grammar syllabus will include determiners, tenses, clauses, modals and Change of Voice. These grammar areas will be tested through 10 Very short answer type questions

on the following:

A. Error Correction, editing tasks

B. Re – ordering of sentences,

C. Transformation of sentences

SECTION C( 30 Marks)

LITERATURE 70 Periods

Questions from the following texts to test comprehension at different levels , like literal, inferential and evaluative:-

1. Hornbill: Textbook published by NCERT, New Delhi

2. Snapshots: Supplementary Reader published by NCERT, New Delhi . The following have been re-included :

Textbooks

Name of the lessons

Hornbill

Landscape of the Soul

The Adventure

Silk Road

The Laburnum Top (Poetry)

Snapshots

The Ghat of the only World

3 Very Short Answer Questions out of four ( 2 questions should be from Hornbill ) – Based on an extract from poetry

to test reference to context comprehension and appreciation. – (1×3=3 Marks)

3 Short Answer Questions out of four ( 2 questions should be from Hornbill ) – Based on prose, poetry and plays from both the texts.( 3×3=9Marks)

One Long Answer Question out of two from Hornbill ( to be answered in120-150 words) Based on prescribed texts

to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the texts . 6 Marks

One Long Answer Questions out of two from Snapshots ( to be answered in120-150 words) -Based on theme, plot, incidents or events to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the texts. 6 Marks

One Long Answer Question out of two from Hornbill ( to be answered in120-150 words) – Based on understanding appreciation, analysis and interpretation of the characters/events/episodes/incidents . 6 Marks

Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills 45 Periods

Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills will be for 20 marks. It is recommended that listening and speaking skills should be regularly practiced in the class.

CBSE QUESTION PAPER DESIGN 2018-19 CLASS XI

CBSE ENGLISH CORE XI (Code No. 301)

Time- 3 hours

Marks – 80+20=100

Typology

Typology of

MCQ

Very

Short

Long

Very Long

Total

Over

questions/ learning Outcomes

I mark

Short Answer

Answer Question

Answer- 1

Answer- 2

Answer 150 – 200

marks

all %

Question

3 marks

4 marks

80 –

120-150

words

1 mark

100

words

(HOTS)

Words 5 marks

6 marks

10 marks

Reading Skills

Conceptual understanding, decoding, analysing, inferring, interpreting,
appreciating ,literary conventions and vocabulary, summarising and using appropriate format/s

—

Writing Skills and Grammar

Reasoning, appropriacy of style and tone, using appropriate format and fluency inference, analysis, evaluation and creativity, appreciation applying of languages conventions, comprehension
using structures integratively, accuracy and fluency

—

Literary
Text books And Supplement ary Reader

Recalling, reasoning, appreciating a literary conventions,
inference, analysis,
evaluation, creativity with fluency

—

Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills

Interaction, reasoning, diction,
articulation, clarity, pronunciation and overall fluency

—

TOTAL

6×1=6

19×1=19

4×3=12

1×4=4

5×5=5

4×6=24

1×10=10

100

ENGLISH CORE (CODE NO. 301)

CLASS – XII (2018-19)

SECTION A

READING COMPREHENSION 30 Marks

Reading Unseen Passages and Note making

The section A will have three passages.

A. Two unseen passages with a variety of Very Short Answer / Short Answer or Multiple Choice type questions to test

comprehension, interpretation and inference. Vocabulary such as word formation and inference of meaning will also be tested.

The total length of the two passages will be between 1100 – 1200 words. Six Multiple Choice type question and sixteen Very Short Answer Type Questions ( total 22 Marks) shall be asked from these passages.The passage will include two of the following:

a) Factual passages, e.g., instructions, descriptions, reports.

b) Descriptive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, persuasive or interpretative text.

c) Literary passages, e.g., extract from fiction, drama, poetry, essay or biography. A poem could be of 28-35 lines.

The passages can be literary, factual or discursive to test comprehensions. The length of one passage should be between 600-700 words.

B. The third passage will be of 400-500 words .Note-making and Abstraction will be assessed .

i. one Short Answer Type Question( 3 Marks )

ii. one Long Answer Type Question to be answered in 80-100 words ( 5 marks) .

SECTION B

WRITING SKILLS 30 Marks

a. One question out of the two Short Answer Questions, e.g., advertisement and notices, designing or drafting posters, writing formal and informal invitations and replies. – 4 Marks

b. One question out of the two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words: Letters based on verbal / visual input.- 6 Marks

Letter types include
Business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies)
Letters to the editor (giving suggestions or opinion on issues of public interest) Application for a job

Two Very Long Answer Questions containing internal choice, to be answered in 150-200 words: Two compositions

based on visual and/or verbal Input may be descriptive or argumentative in nature such as an article/a debate/ a speech or a report- (10×2=20 Marks)

SECTION C

CBSE LITERATURE TEXTBOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT 40 Marks

Books: Flamingo and Vistas

I. Very Short Answer Questions – Based on an extract from poetry to test comprehension and appreciation. ( 4

Marks)

II. Four out of six Short Answer Questions based on prose / drama / poetry from both texts ( 4X3=12 Marks)

III. One out of two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words to test global comprehension and

extrapolation beyond the texts .(6marks)

IV. One out of two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words to test global comprehension along with analysis and extrapolation. (6marks)

V. One out of two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words based on theme, plot and incidents

from the prescribed novels. (6marks)

VI. One out of two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words – based on understanding appreciation,

analysis and interpretation of character sketch. (6marks)

Prescribed Books

1. Flamingo: English Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi

2. Vistas: Supplementary Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi

Textbooks

Name of the lessons deleted

Flamingo

Poets and Pancakes

The Interview

A Road Side Stand (Poetry)

Vistas

The Third Level

Journey to the End of the Earth

3. Extended Reading Texts:

i) The Invisible Man ( unabridged) by H.G.Wells

ii)Silas Marner (unabridged) by George Eliot

Question Paper Design 2018-19

English CORE XII (Code No. 301) Time-3 hours Marks -100

Typology

Typology of

MCQ

Very

Short

Long

Very

Total

Over

questions/

Short

Answer

Answer-

Long

marks

all %

learning

mark

Answer

Question

Answer

outcomes

Question

3 marks

4 marks

80 –

120-

150 –

1 mark

100

150

200

Words

words

5 marks

6 marks

(HOTS)

marks

Reading Skills

Conceptual, understanding, decoding, Analysing, inferring, interpreting, appreciating
,literary conventions and vocabulary, summarising and using appropriate format/s

—

Writing Skills

Reasoning, appropriacy of style and tone, using appropriate format and fluency, inference, analysis, evaluation and creativity.

—

Literary Text
books and Long Reading Text

Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literary conventions,
inference, analysis, evaluation, creativity with fluency

—

TOTAL

6×1=6

20×1=20

3×5=15

1×4=4

1×5=5

5×6=30

2×10=20

100

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English – Elective NCERT (class XII) 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English – Elective NCERT (class XII) 2018-19

ENGLISH ELECTIVE NCERT (Code No. 001) CBSE
CLASS-XII
SECTION – A( 20 marks)
Reading an unseen passage and a poem:- 60 Periods
10 Very Short Answer Questions from a literary or discursive passage of about 950-1000 words .( 1×10=10 marks)
05 Short Answer Questions to be answered in 50-60 words from a poem of about 24 – 28 lines to test interpretation and appreciation.(2×5=10 marks)
SECTION –B( 30 marks)
A.Creative Writing Skills and Applied Grammar:- 60 Periods
Two Long Answer Question to be answered in 80-100 words: A short discursive, interpretative writing(5×2=10 marks)
One Very Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 150-200 words: An essay on an argumentative/discursive topic such as an article/report/speech.(10×1=10 marks)
Very Short Answer Questions: Transformation of Sentences: (10 marks)
SECTION – C (30 marks)
Literature Textbook: Kaleidoscope(30 marks) 60 Periods
Four Short Answer Questions to be answered in 50-60 words each , taken from two extracts out of the three given to test understanding and appreciation.(2×4=8 marks)
Two Long Answer Question out of three to be answered in 80-100 words to test deeper understanding, interpretation, appreciation(5×2=10 marks)
Two Long Answer Questions out of three to be answered in 120-150 words to test the drawing of
inferences and evaluation.(6×2=12 marks)
Section D( 20 Marks)
Fiction 40 Periods
Students can select one of the two prescribed texts.
Two Long Answer Questions out of three to be answered in 80-100 words to seek comments, interpretation, evaluation and appreciation of characters,events, episodes and interpersonal relationships.(2×5=10 marks)
One Very Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 150-200 words to test deeper understanding, interpretation, appreciation and drawing inferences.1×10=10 marks)
Prescribed Books:
1. Kaleidoscope – Text book published by NCERT
2. Fiction: A Tiger for Malgudi or The Financial Expert by R.K. Narayan (Novel) Fiction
Question Paper Design 2018-19
CBSE ENGLISH ELECTIVE NCERT XII (Code No. 001) Marks -100
Typology	Testing	VSA	Short	Long	Long	Very	Total	Over
	Competencies/learning	1	Answer	Answer-	Answer-	Long	marks	all %
	Outcomes	marks	50-60	1	2	Answer
			words	80 – 100	120-150	150 –
			2 marks	words 5 marks	words 6 marks	200 words (HOTS)
						10
						marks
Reading Comprehension	Conceptual understanding, decoding, analysing, inferring, interpreting, appreciating or literary conventions and vocabulary.	10	5	—	—	—	20	20
Creative Writing Skills	Reasoning appropriacy of Style and tone, using appropriate format, infererring, analysing, evaluating, creativity with Fluency Applying appropriate language Conventions, Comprehension using structures interactively, application, accuracy and fluency	10	—	2	—	1	30	30
Literature Texts	Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literary conventions illustrating with relevant quotations from the texts, giving opinions and justifying, infererring, analysing, evaluating, creativity and Fluency	—	4	2	2	—	30	30
Fiction	Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literary conventions, Illustrating with relevant quotations from the texts, infererring, analysing, evaluating and creating, giving opinions, justifying with fluency	—	—	2	—	1	20	20
	TOTAL	20×1= 20	9×2=18	6×5=30	2×6=12	2×10= 20	100	100

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Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English – Elective CBSE (only for class XII) 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English – Elective CBSE (only for class XII) 2018-19

ENGLISH ELECTIVE CBSE
Class-XII (Code No. 101) (2018-19)
SECTION – A
CBSE READING SKILLS 60 Periods Very short answer / Short answer and MCQ type questions:
Two unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions including 04 marks for vocabulary such as word
formation and inferring meaning. The total range of the two passages including a poem or a stanza, should be around 1000-1100 words to assess comprehension, analysis, inference, evaluation and literary appreciation.
1. 550-600 words in length (for note-making and summarising)
2. 450-500 words in length (to test comprehension) The passage could be of any one of the following types: Factual passages, e.g., illustrations, description, reports
Discursive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, persuasive
Literary passages, e.g., poems, extracts from fiction, biography, autobiography, travelogue, etc. In the case of a poem, the text may be shorter than the prescribed word limit.
SECTION-B
CBSE WRITING SKILLS AND GRAMMAR 60 Periods
Short Answer Question: Notices, advertisements, factual description of people, places and objects, drafting posters, drafting, accepting and declining invitations.
Long Answer Question: Letter of any of the following types based on a verbal or visual input:
a) Official letters for making inquiries, suggesting changes – registering and responding to complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies.
b) Letters to the editor on various social, national and international issues.
c) Application for a job including CV (Curriculum Vitae) / Resumé.
Very Long Answer Question: Sustained writing task such as writing a speech, an article for a magazine or a report based on verbal / visual input.
Grammar 30 Periods
A variety of questions, as listed below may be asked, involving the application of grammar items in context (i.e., not in isolated sentences). The grammar syllabus will be sampled each year. Though only modals, determiners, voice and tense forms have been dealt with in class XI, however, other grammar items such as prepositions, verb forms, connectors which have been learnt earlier would also be included.
Very Short Questions and Multiple Choice Questions
Reordering of words and sentences
Composing a dialogue based on a given input Error correction in sentences
Drafting questions / questionnaires based on given input
SECTION – C
Literature: Prescribed Books and Long Reading Text (Novel) 70 Periods
Questions to test comprehension at different levels and of different kinds – local, global, interpretative, inferential, evaluative and extrapolatory.
Very Short and Short Answer Questions: Two out of three extracts from different poems to test theme, setting and literary devices.
Short Answer Questions: Based on different prose / drama / poetry / pieces from the Literature Reader; to test local and global comprehension of ideas and languages used in the text.
Long Answer Question: Extended questions based on one of the prose texts or play in the Literature Reader to test global comprehension and for extrapolation beyond the text.
Long Answer Questions: To test understanding, appreciation, analysis, inference in a plot and writing a character sketch.
CBSE PRESCRIBED BOOKS:
1. Language Skills book – Class XII English Elective CBSE published by Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi.
2. Literature Reader – Class XII English Elective CBSE published by Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi.
3. Extended Reading Text (Either one) Author
i) The Invisible Man (unabridged) H.G. Wells
ii) Silas Marner (unabridged) George Eliot
QUESTION PAPER DESIGN 2018-19 CLASS XII
English Elective CBSE XII (Code No. 101) Time: 3 hours Marks = 100
Typology	Testing Competencies/ learning outcomes	MCQ 1 mark	Very Short Answer 1 marks	Short Answer 50-60 words 4 marks	Long Answer- 1 80 – 100 words 5 marks	Long Answer- 2 120- 150 words 6 marks	Very Long Answer 150 – 200 words (HOTS) 10 marks	Total marks	Over all %
Reading Skills	Conceptual understanding, decoding, analysing, inferring, interpreting, appreciating, literary conventions and vocabulary, summarising and using appropriate format/s	5	5	1	—	1	—	20	20
Writing Skills and Grammar	Reasoning, appropriacy of style and tone, using appropriate format with language fluency Applying conventions appropriately using structures integratively with accuracy and fluency	—	10	1	—	1	2	40	40
Literary Texts and Long Reading Texts/Novel	Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literary conventions and fluency	—	10	1	2	1	1	40	40
	TOTAL	5×1= 5	25×1=25	3×4=12	2×5=10	3×6=18	3×10=30	100	100
	TOTAL	5×1= 5	25×1=25	3×4=12	2×5=10	3×6=18	3×10=30	100

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Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English – Elective (class XI) 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) English – Elective (class XI) 2018-19

CBSE ENGLISH ELECTIVE (Code No. 001)
CLASS XI (2018-19)
Background
The course is intended to give students a high level of competence in English with an emphasis on the study of literary texts. The course will provide extensive exposure to a variety of rich texts of world literature as well as Indian writings in English, including classics; develop sensitivity to the creative and imaginative use of English and give them a taste for reading with delight and discernment. The course is primarily designed
to equip the students to pursue higher studies in English literature and English language at the college level.
Objectives
The general objectives at this stage are:
i) to provide extensive exposure to a variety of writings in English, including some classics to develop sensitivity to literary and creative uses of the language.
ii) to further expand the learners’ vocabulary resources through the use of dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopaedia.
iii) to develop a taste for reading with discernment and delight.
iv) to critically examine a text and comment on different aspects.
v) to develop proficiency in English both in receptive and productive skills.
At the end of this course, the learner
i) grasps the global meaning of the text, its gist and understands how its theme and sub-themes relate.
ii) relates to the details provided in the text, for example, how the details support a generalization or the conclusion either by classification or by contrast and comparison.
iii) comprehends details, locates and identifies facts, arguments, logical relationships, generalization, conclusion, in the texts.
iv) draws inferences, supplies missing details, predicts outcomes, grasps the significance of particular details and interprets texts.
v) assesses and analyzes the point of view of the author.
vi) infers the meanings of words and phrases from the context; differentiates between apparent synonyms.
vii) appreciates stylistic nuances, the lexical structure; its literal and figurative uses and analyses a variety of texts.
viii) identifies different styles of writing like humorous, satirical, contemplative, ironical and burlesque.
ix) can produce text-based writing (writing in response to questions or tasks based on prescribed as well as ‘unseen’ texts)
x) develops the advanced skills of reasoning, inferring, analysing, evaluating and creating.
xi) develops familiarity with the poetic uses of language including features of the language through which artistic effect is achieved.
1
Methods and Techniques
The techniques used for teaching should promote habits of self-learning and reduce dependence on the
teacher. The multi-skill, learner-centred, activity-based approach already recommended for the previous stages of education, is still in place, though it will be used in such a way that silent reading of prescribed selected texts for comprehension will receive greater focus as one of the activities. Learners will be trained to read independently and intelligently, interacting actively with texts and other reference materials (dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, etc.) where necessary. Some pre-reading activity will generally be required, and course books suggest those activities. The reading of texts should be followed by post reading activities. It is important to remember that every text can generate different reading strategies. Students should be encouraged to interpret texts in different ways, understand the views of others and present their views on a literary text. Some projects may be assigned to students from time to time, for instance,
students may be asked to put together a few literary pieces on a given theme.
CBSE ENGLISH ELECTIVE (Code No. 001)
CLASS – XI
SECTION – A :- 20 marks
Reading an unseen passage and a poem 35 Periods
1. The section will have 10 questions including 4 Multiple Choice Questions(MCQ), i.e. 4 MCQs from a Literary or discursive passage of about 900-950 words, and 6 Very Short Answer questions(VSA). (1×10=10 marks)
2. 05 Short Answer Questions to be answered in 50-60 words shall be asked from a poem of about 20-24 lines to test interpretation and appreciation.(2×5=10marks)
SECTION – B:- 20 marks
Creative Writing Skills 35 Periods
3.One Very Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 150-200 words: An essay on an argumentative/discursive/reflective/descriptive topic. (10×1=10 marks)
4. One Very Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 150-200 words :A composition such as an article / a report / a speech. (10×1=10 marks)
SECTION – C(40 marks)
A.CBSE Literature Textbooks 20 marks
Woven Words: The questions can be asked from both Poetry and Prose. 75 Periods
5. Four Very Short Answer Questions out of 5 to test comprehension, literary appreciation and drawing inferences in poetry and prose.(1×4=4 marks)
6. Five Short Answer Questions out of 06 to be answered in 50-60 words to test understanding, appreciation and analysis.(2×5=10 marks)
7. One Long Answer Questions out of 02 to be answered in 120-150 words to test literary appreciation and
drawing inferences.(1×6=6marks)
B. Arms and the Man – [Drama] (10 marks) 25 Periods
8. Two Long Answer Questions out of three to be answered in 80-100 words to test the evaluation of characters, events and episodes.(2×5=10 marks)
C. Fiction (10 marks) 25 Periods
9. Two Short Answer Questions out of three to be answered in 50-60 words to test analysis of
characters, events, episodes and interpersonal relationships and understanding of content, events and episodes(2×2=4 marks)
10. One Long Answer Question out of 02 to be answered in 120-150 words to test literary appreciation and drawing inferences.(1×6=6marks)
CBSE Seminar (20 marks)
Presentation of a book review/a play/a short story/a novel/novella (tale, table, parable) to be followed by a
question-answer session.
Poetry reading to be followed by interpretative tasks based on close reading and literary analysis of the text.
Critical review of a film or a play
Conducting a theatre workshop to be followed by a discussion
Note :Teachers may develop their own rubrics to assess the performance of student objectively
The parameters for assessing Speaking skills as given the syllabus of English Core may be referred to.
Prescribed Books:
1. CBSE Text book: Woven Words published by NCERT
2. Fiction: The Old Man and the Sea (Novel unabridged) by Ernest Hemingway
3. Drama: Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw
CBSE QUESTION PAPER DESIGN 2018-19 CLASS XI
CBSE ENGLISH ELECTIVE NCERT – XI (Code No. 001)						Marks -100 (80+20 Seminar)
Typology	Testing Competencies/learning	MCQ	Short Answer	Long Answer	Long Answer		Very Long	Total marks	Overall %
		and
		VSA 1
	outcomes	mark	50-60 words	-1 80 –	-2 120-		Answer 150 –
			2 marks	100 words 5 marks	150 Words 6 Marks		200 words (HOTS) 10
			2 marks	100 words 5 marks	150 Words 6 Marks		marks
Reading Comprehension	Conceptual understanding, decoding, analysing, inferring, interpreting, appreciating, literary conventions and vocabulary.	10	5	—	—		—	20	20
Creative Writing Skill	Reasoning, appropriacy of style and tone, use of appropriate format and fluency	—	—	—	—		2	20	20
Literature Texts	Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literary conventions illustrating with relevant quotations from the texts, giving opinions and justifying with fluency	4	5	—	1		—	20	20
Drama	Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literary conventions, illustrating with relevant quotations from the texts, giving opinions and justifying with fluency	—	—	2	—		—	10	10
Fiction	Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literary conventions, Illustrating with relevant quotations from the texts, giving opinions and justifying and fluency	—	2	—	1		—	10	10
Seminar	Seeking information and clarifying, illustrating with relevant quotations from the texts, reasoning, diction, articulation clarity of pronunciation, using appropriate language conventions Addressing participants using appropriate titles or nomenclatures and overall fluency	—			—		—	20	20
	TOTAL	14×1 = 14	12×2= 24	2×5=10	2×6= 12		2×10= 20	80+20 =100
	TOTAL	14×1 = 14	12×2= 24	2×5=10	2×6= 12		2×10= 20	80+20 =100	100

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Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Engineering Graphics 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Engineering Graphics 2018-19

CBSE ENGINEERING GRAPHICS (XI-XII) (Code No. 046)

The subject of ‘Engineering Graphics’ has become an indispensable tool for Engineers,

Technocrats, Architects, Draftsmen, Surveyors, Designers and many other professionals in the recent times. Understanding of its fundamental principles and wider applications of the same in the above fields and many other daily life situations form the basis for the syllabus at Senior Secondary Stage.

Objectives:

Thestudy of thesubject of Engineering Graphics at Senior School Levelaims at helping the learner to:

• develop clear concept and perception of form, proportion and application.

• develop the skill of expressing three-dimensional and two-dimensional objects into professional language and vice versa.

• acquire the ability to readily draw neat sketches, often needed in “On-job situations”.

• develop aclear understanding of plane and solid Geometry and machinedrawing so as to apply the same in relevant practical fields such as technology and industry.

• acquire speed and accuracy in use of drawinginstruments.

• use technology (CAD) in developing isometric and orthographic projections of simple objects.

CBSE COURSE STRUCTURE

CLASS XI (2018-19)

(Theory)

One Paper: 3 Hours 70 Marks

S. No.

Unit

Marks

Periods

Unit – I

PLANE GEOMETRY
1. Lines, angles and rectilinear figures
2. Circles and tangents
3. Special curves :ellipse, parabola, involute, cycloid, helix andsine- curve

Unit – II

SOLID-GEOMETRY
4. Orthographic-projections of points and line.
5. Orthographic projection of regular plane figures.
6. Orthographic projections of right regular solids.
7. Section ofsolid-figures

Unit -III

MACHINE DRAWING
8. Orthographic projections of simple machine-blocks
9. Isometric-projection of laminae (plane figures)
10. Development of surfaces

Practical

Total Marks

100

240

Theory

CBSE PLANE GEOMETRY 38 Periods

Printing English alphabets (capital and small) numerals in standard proportions. Unidirectional/aligned system of dimensioning as per SP: 46-2003 (Revised)

Unit 1: Construction of lines, angles and their divisions. Simple questions based on

triangles, square, rhombus, trapeziums, regular polygons-pentagon, hexagon and octagon. 08 Periods

Unit 2: Construction of circles, external and internal tangents of circles, inscribing, circumscribing circles in equilateral triangle, square, rhombus, regular polygons-pentagon, hexagon and octagon. 10 Periods

Unit 3: Construction of Engineering curves:

(a) Ellipse by concentric circles, intersecting arcs and intersecting lines.

(b) Parabola by intersecting lines and intersecting arcs.

CBSE SOLID GEOMETRY 86 Periods

Unit 4: Methods of orthographic projections and dimensioning strictly as per SP: 46- 2003 revised conventions. Projection of points, lines. 20 Periods

Unit 5: Orthographic projections of Regular Plane figures – triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, circle and semi-circle. 12Periods

Unit 6: Orthographic projections of right regular solids such as cubes, prisms and pyramid, (square, triangular, pentagonal and hexagonal), cones, cylinders, spheres, hemi- spheres and frustum of pyramids and cone when they are kept with their axis (a) perpendicular, to HP/VP (b) parallel to one plane and inclined to the other (c) parallel to HP and VP both. 14 Periods

Unit 7: Section of solids under the same conditions mentioned above made by the horizontal, vertical and inclined planes. 40 Periods

CBSE MACHINE DRAWING 50 Periods

Unit 6: Orthographic projections of simple machine blocks. 20 Periods Unit 7: Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10 mm and

smaller divisions of 1 mm each. Isometric projection (drawn to isometric

scale) of figures such as triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, circles and semi-circles with their surface parallel to HP or VP and its one side or diagonal or diameter should be either parallel or perpendicular to HP/VP.

20 Periods

Unit 8: Development of the surfaces of following solids: 10 Periods

1. Cube, cuboid, prisms-triangular, square, pentagonal and hexagonal.

2. Pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal and hexagonal).

3. Right circular cylinder and cone.

CBSE PRACTICALS

One paper (Practical): 3 Hours 66 Periods

1. Developing “Prisms” and “Pyramids” with the help of card board (thick paper).

2. Developing different types of packaging boxes (cartons).

3. Making different types of graphic designs/ murals for interior/ exterior decorations in colour using the knowledge of geometrical figures with the use of any Computer Software such as Collab-CAD and /or any equivalent pertinent software.

4. Drawing ellipse by Trammel and Thread method on the ground / drawing sheet / plywood / cardboard, etc.

5. Preparing top-view (plan) of a class room, Home: Drawing room / Bedroom / Study room / Kitchen, Engineering Graphics room drawing different objects therein.

6. Drawing through activities: Involutes, cycloid, helix and sine curves listing their uses in daily life.

7. Preparing the following sections of solids (prisms, pyramids, spheres, etc.) with clay, soap, thermocol, plasticine, wax or any other material easily and economically available. When the cutting plane is: parallel to the base, perpendicular to the base and inclined to the base. Also creating different objects with combination of above solids.

Note:

I 20activities (minimumtwoeachfromaforementioned seven points)aretobeassessed.

II. In all the practicals, drawing/sketching of the views should be incorporated and evaluated accordingly.

III. Theschemeofevaluation isasfollows:

(a)

Practicals (2)

15 Marks

(b)

Drawing/ Sketch

05 Marks

(c)

Viva-voce

05 Marks

(d)

Sessional Work

05 Marks

Total

30 Marks

CBSE CLASS-XII (2018-19)

(Theory)

One Paper: 3 Hours 70 Marks

S. No.

Unit

Marks

Periods

Unit – I

Isometric Projections of Solids

Unit – II

Machine Drawing
A. Drawing of Machine parts
B.   Assembly Drawing and Dis-assembly drawings
1.   Bearings
2.   Rodjoints
3.   Tie-rod and pipe joints
4.   Couplings
5.   Pulleys

118

Practical

Total Marks

100

240

Unit I: Isometric Projection of Solids 50 Periods

(i) Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10mm and smaller divisions of1mm, also showing the leading angles. Drawing helping view/s such as triangles, pentagon, hexagon, etc., using isometric scale.

(ii) Isometric projection (drawn to isometric scale) of solids such as cube, regular prism and pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal and hexagonal), cone, cylinder, sphere, hemi- sphere, frustum of right regular pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal) and cone, when they are cut by a plane parallel to the base. The axis and the base side of the solid should be either perpendicular to HP / VP or parallel to HP and VP. (Indicate the direction ofviewing)

(iii) Combination of two solids (except “frustum” of Pyramids and Cone) Keeping the base side parallel or perpendicular to HP/VP and placed centrally together, axis of

both the solids should not be given parallel to HP.

Note: (1) Question on frustum will be asked in vertical position only.

(2) Hidden lines are not required in isometric projection.

Unit II: Machine Drawing (as per SP46: 2003) 118 Periods

A. Drawing of machine parts 36 Periods

(i) Drawing to full size scale with instruments.

(Internal choice will be given between any two of the following).

Introduction of threads: Standard profiles of screw threads square, knuckle, B.S.W.,

Metric (external and internal). Bolts (Square, Hexagonal, Tee and Hook); Nuts:

(Square and Hexagonal), Plain washer, combination of nut and bolt with or without washer for assembling two parts together, Single riveted lap joint with standarddimensions.

(ii) Free-hand sketches

(Internal choice will be given between any two of the following).

Conventional representation of external and internal threads; studs (plain, square-

neck and collar); screws (round-head, cheese-head, 900 flat counter sunk-head, hexagonal socket head and grub-screw). Types of rivets:- snap head, pan head- without tapered neck, flat head and 600 countersunk flat head. Types of sunk-keys (rectangular taper, woodruff and double-head feather key with gib head on both

ends).

Note: In the above mentioned machine parts (free hand sketches) “in-position” shall not be asked.

B. Assembly drawings and Dis-Assembly drawings (Internal choice will be given

between an Assembly drawing and a Dis-Assembly drawing).

Note: 1. In all Assembly drawings, half sectional front view will be asked. Side/End view or

Top View/Plan will be drawn without section.

2. In all the Dis-assembly drawings, only two orthographic views (one of the two

views may be half in section or full in section) of any two parts.

3. (a) In all sectional views, hidden lines/ edges are not to be shown.

(b) In all full views, hidden/edges are to be shown.

1. Bearings

(i) Open-Bearing

(ii) Bused- Bearing

2. Rod-Joints

(i) Cotter-joints for circular-rods (socket and spigot joint)

(ii) Cotter-joints for round-rods (sleeve and cotter joint)

(iii) Cotter-joints for square rods (Gib and cotter-joint)

3. Tie-rod and Pipe-joint

(i) Turnbuckle

(ii) Flange pipe joint

4. Couplings

(i) Unprotected Flange Coupling (having socket and spigot arrangement)

(ii) Protected Flange Coupling

5. Pulleys

(i) Solid cast iron pulley – (up to 200 mm diameters) having solid web

CBSE PRACTICALS 30 Marks 72 Periods

One paper (Practical): 3 Hours

(i) To perform the following tasks from the given views of the prescribed Machine

Block (One). Value-Points

1. Copy the given views 1

2. Drawing the missing view without hidden lines 2

3. Sketching the Isometric view without hidden edges 5

4. To make the machine block of the above in three dimensions.

(not to scale but approximately proportionately) drawn with any medium i.e. thermocol, soap- cake, plasticine, clay, wax, orchsis (available with florists), etc. 7

(ii) Computer Aided Design (CAD) – Project 10

Project file to be submitted on the simple solids (Prism, Pyramids and Frustums of equilateral triangle, square, pentagon and hexagon) or machine blocks as prescribed in part-I by using the CAD software.

(iii) (i) Sessional work relating to machine blocks as prescribed. 3

(ii) Viva-voce based on part-I and part-II 2

Total Marks 30

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Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Economics 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Economics 2018-19

ECONOMICS (Code No. 030) CBSE

(2018-19)

Rationale

Economics is one of the social sciences, which has great influence on every human being. As economic life and the economy go through changes, the need to ground education in children’s own experience becomes essential. While doing so, it is imperative to provide them opportunities to acquire analytical skills to observe and understand the economic realities.

At senior secondary stage, the learners are in a position to understand abstract ideas, exercise the power

of thinking and to develop their own perception. It is at this stage, the learners are exposed to the rigour of the discipline of economics in a systematic way.

The economics courses are introduced in such a way that in the initial stage, the learners are introduced

to the economic realities that the nation is facing today along with some basic statistical tools to understand these broader economic realities. In the later stage, the learners are introduced to economics as a theory of abstraction.

The economics courses also contain many projects and activities. These will provide opportunities for

the learners to explore various economic issues both from their day-to-day life and also from issues, which are broader and invisible in nature. The academic skills that they learn in these courses would help to develop the projects and activities. The syllabus is also expected to provide opportunities to use information and communication technologies to facilitate their learning process.

Objectives:

· Understanding of some basic economic concepts and development of economic reasoning which the learners can apply in their day-to-day life as citizens, workers and consumers.

· Realisation of learners’ role in nation building and sensitivity to the economic issues that the nation is facing today.

· Equipment with basic tools of economics and statistics to analyse economic issues. This is pertinent for even those who may not pursue this course beyond senior secondary stage.

· Development of understanding that there can be more than one view on any economic issue and necessary skills to argue logically with reasoning.

Session 2018-19

CBSE ECONOMICS (030)

Class XI

Part A: Introductory Microeconomics

Part B: Statistics for Economics

Class XII

Part A: Introductory Microeconomics

Part B: Introductory Macroeconomics

Session 2019-20

Class XI

Part A: Introductory Microeconomics

Part B: Statistics for Economics

Class XII

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Part B: Indian Economic Development

ECONOMICS

CLASS – XI (2018-19)

Theory: 80 Marks Project: 20 Marks 3 Hours

Units

Marks

Periods

Part A

Introductory Microeconomics

Introduction

Consumer’s Equilibrium and Demand

Producer Behaviour and Supply

Forms of Market and Price Determination under perfect competition with simple applications

100

Part B

Statistics for Economics

1. Introduction

2. Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data

3. Statistical Tools and Interpretation

100

Part C

Project Work

Part A: Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 1: Introduction 8 Periods

Meaning of microeconomics and macroeconomics; positive and normative economics

What is an economy? Central problems of an economy: what, how and for whom to produce;

concepts of production possibility frontier and opportunity cost.

Unit 2: Consumer’s Equilibrium and Demand 32 Periods

Consumer’s equilibrium – meaning of utility, marginal utility, law of diminishing marginal utility, conditions of consumer’s equilibrium using marginal utility analysis.

Indifference curve analysis of consumer’s equilibrium-the consumer’s budget (budget set and

budget line), preferences of the consumer (indifference curve, indifference map) and conditions of consumer’s equilibrium.

Demand, market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve and its

slope, movement along and shifts in the demand curve; price elasticity of demand – factors affecting price elasticity of demand; measurement of price elasticity of demand – percentage-change method.

Unit 3: Producer Behaviour and Supply 32 Periods

Meaning of Production Function – Short-Run and Long-Run

Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product.

Returns to a Factor

Cost: Short run costs – total cost, total fixed cost, total variable cost; Average cost; Average

fixed cost, average variable cost and marginal cost-meaning and their relationships.

Revenue – total, average and marginal revenue – meaning and their relationship.

Producer’s equilibrium-meaning and its conditions in terms of marginal revenue-marginal cost.

Supply, market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve and its slope, movements along and shifts in supply curve, price elasticity of supply; measurement of price elasticity of supply – percentage-change method.

Unit 4: Forms of Market and Price Determination under Perfect Competition with simple

applications. 28 Periods

Perfect competition – Features; Determination of market equilibrium and effects of shifts in demand and supply.

Other Market Forms – monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly – their meaning and features.

Simple Applications of Demand and Supply: Price ceiling, price floor.

Part B: Statistics for Economics

In this course, the learners are expected to acquire skills in collection, organisation and presentation of quantitative and qualitative information pertaining to various simple economic aspects systematically. It also intends to provide some basic statistical tools to analyse, and interpret any economic information and draw appropriate inferences. In this process, the learners are also expected to understand the behaviour of various economic data.

Unit 1: Introduction 07 Periods

What is Economics?

Meaning, scope, functions and importance of statistics in Economics

Unit 2: Collection, Organisation and Presentation of data 27 Periods

Collection of data – sources of data – primary and secondary; how basic data is collected, with concepts of Sampling; Sampling and Non-Sampling errors; methods of collecting data; some important sources of secondary data: Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation.

Organisation of Data: Meaning and types of variables; Frequency Distribution.

Presentation of Data: Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data: (i) Geometric forms (bar diagrams and pie diagrams), (ii) Frequency diagrams (histogram, polygon and ogive) and (iii) Arithmetic line graphs (time series graph).

Unit 3: Statistical Tools and Interpretation 66 Periods

(For all the numerical problems and solutions, the appropriate economic interpretation may be attempted. This means, the students need to solve the problems and provide interpretation for the results derived.)

Measures of Central Tendency- mean (simple and weighted), median and mode

Measures of Dispersion – absolute dispersion (range, quartile deviation, mean deviation and standard

deviation); relative dispersion (co-efficient of range, co-efficient of quartile-deviation, co-efficient of mean deviation, co-efficient of variation); Lorenz Curve: Meaning, construction and its application.

Correlation – meaning and properties, scatter diagram; Measures of correlation – Karl Pearson’s method

(two variables ungrouped data) Spearman’s rank correlation.

Introduction to Index Numbers – meaning, types – wholesale price index, consumer price index and

index of industrial production, uses of index numbers; Inflation and index numbers.

Part C: Developing Project in Economics 20 Periods

The students may be encouraged to develop projects, as per the suggested project guidelines. Case studies of a few organisations / outlets may also be encouraged. Under this the students will do only ONE comprehensive project using concepts from both part A and part B.

Some of the examples of the projects are as follows (they are not mandatory but suggestive):

(i) A report on demographic structure of your neighborhood.

(ii) Changing consumer awareness amongst households.

(iii) Dissemination of price information for growers and its impact on consumers.

(iv) Study of a cooperative institution: milk cooperatives, marketing cooperatives, etc.

(v) Case studies on public private partnership, outsourcing and outward Foreign Direct Investment.

(vi) Global warming.

(vii) Designing eco-friendly projects applicable in school such as paper and water recycle.

The idea behind introducing this unit is to enable the students to develop the ways and means by which

a project can be developed using the skills learned in the course. This includes all the steps involved in designing a project starting from choosing a title, exploring the information relating to the title, collection of primary and secondary data, analysing the data, presentation of the project and using various statistical tools and their interpretation and conclusion.

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Computer Science Old 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Computer Science Old 2018-19

COMPUTER SCIENCE
(Code No. 083)
(For the session 2018-19 only)
Learning Objectives:
· To understand basics of computers.
· To develop logic for Problem Solving.
· To develop problem solving skills and their implementation using C++.
· To understand and implement the concept of Object Oriented Methodology.
· To understand the concept of working with Relational Database.
· To understand the basic concept of Computing Logic.
· To understand the basic concepts of Communication and Networking technologies.
· To understand Open Source concepts.
Class XI (Theory) – C++
ks: 70
Duration: 3 hours Total Mar
Unit No.		Unit Name Marks
1.		COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS 10
2.		PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY 12
3.		INTRODUCTION TO C++ 14
4.		PROGRAMMING IN C++ 34
		Total 70
Unit 1: Computer Fundamentals (18 Theory + 6 Practical) Periods
Classification of computers: Basics of computer and its operation; Functional Components and their interconnections, concept of Booting.
Software concepts: Types of Software – System Software, Utility Software and Application Software
System Software: Operating System, Compiler, Interpreter and Assembler;
Operating System: Need for Operating System, Functions of Operating System (Processor Management, Memory Management, File Management and Device Management), Types of Operating System-Interactive (GUI based), Time Sharing, Real Time and Distributed, Commonly used Operating System: UNIX, LINUX, Windows, Solaris, BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions); Mobile OS – Android, Symbian, IOS.
Utility Software: Anti-Virus, File Management tools, Compression tools and Disk Management tools (Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, Backup).
Open Source Concepts: Open Source Software, Freeware, Shareware, and Proprietary Software.
Application Software: Office Tools – Word Processor, Presentation Tool, Spreadsheet Package, Database Management System; Domain Specific tools – School Management System, Inventory
Management System, Payroll System, Financial Accounting, Hotel Management, Reservation
System and Weather Forecasting System.
Number System: Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal and conversion between different number systems.
Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian Scripts Standard Code for Information Interchange), and UNICODE (for multilingual computing)
Microprocessor: Basic concepts, Clock speed (MHz, GHz), 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, 128 bit processors; Types – CISC Processors (Complex Instruction Set Computing), RISC Processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), and EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing).
Memory Concepts: Units: Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte, Exa Byte, Zetta Byte, Yotta Byte.
Primary Memory: Cache, RAM, ROM
Secondary Memory: Fixed and Removable storage – Hard Disk Drive, CD/DVD Drive, Pen Drive, Blue Ray Disk.
Input Output Ports/ Connections: Serial, Parallel and Universal Serial Bus, PS-2 port, Infrared port, Bluetooth, Fire wire.
Unit 2: Programming Methodology (28 Theory + 10 Practical) Periods
General Concepts: Modular Approach, Clarity and Simplicity of Expressions, Use of proper names
for Identifiers, Comments, Indentation; Documentation and Program Maintenance; Running and Debugging programs, Syntax Errors, Run-Time Errors, Logical Errors
Problem Solving Methodologies: Understanding of the problem, Solution for the problem,
Identifying minimum number of inputs required for output, Writing code to optimizing execution time and memory storage, step by step solution for the problem, breaking down solution into simple steps (modular approach), Identification of arithmetic and logical operations required for
solution; Control Structure- Conditional control and looping (finite and infinite).
Problem Solving: Introduction to Algorithms/Flowcharts.
Unit-3: Introduction to C++ (44 Theory + 36 Practical) Periods
Getting Started: C++ character set, C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators,), Structure of a C++ Program (include files, main function), Header files – iostream.h, iomanip.h, cout, cin; use of I/O operators (<<and>>), Use of endl and setw ( ), Cascading of I/O operators, compilation , Error Messages; Use of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and
execution.
Data Types, Variables and Constants: Concept of Data types; Built-in Data types: char, int , float
and double; Constants: Integer Constants, Character constants (- \n, \t, \b), Floating Point Constants, String Constants; Access modifier: const; Variables of built-in-data types, Declaration/Initialization of variables, Assignment statement, Type modifier: signed, unsigned,
long
Operator and Expressions: Operators: Arithmetic operators (-,+,*,/,%), Assignment operator (=),
c++ shorthands (+=, -=,*=,/=,%=) Unary operators (-), Increment (++) and Decrement (–) Operators, Relational operator (>,>=,<=,=,!=), Logical operators (!,&&,\|\|), Conditional operator:
<condition>?<if—true>:<if false>; Precedence of Operators; Automatic type conversion in
expressions, Type casting;
UNIT 4: PROGRAMMING IN C++ (50 Theory + 48 Practical) Periods
Flow of control
Conditional statements: if else, Nested if, switch..case..default, use of conditional operator,
Nested switch..case, break statement (to be used in switch..case only); Loops: while, do – while, for and Nested loops
Inbuilt Functions
Header file Categorization				Header File	Function
Standard input/output functions				stdio.h	gets ( ), puts ( )
Character Functions				ctype.h	isalnum ( ), isalpha ( ),
					isdigit ( ), islower ( ),
					isupper ( ), tolower ( ),
					toupper ( )
					strcpy ( ), strcat ( ),
					strlen ( ), strcmp ( ),
String Function				string.h	strcmpi ( ), strrev ( ),
					strupr ( ), strlwr ( )
Mathematical Functions				math.h	fabs ( ), pow ( ), sqrt ( ), sin ( ),
					cos ( ), abs ( )
Introduction to user-defined function and its requirements.
Defining a function; function prototype, Invoking/calling a function, passing arguments to
function, specifying argument data types, default argument, constant argument, call by value, call by reference, returning values from a function, calling functions with arrays, scope rules of
variables: local and global variables.
Relating to Parameters and return type concepts in built-in functions.
Structured Data Type
Arrays: Introduction to Array and its advantages.
One Dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of One-dimensional array, Accepting array
elements, accessing array elements, manipulation of array elements (sum of elements, product of elements, average of elements, linear search, finding maximum/minimum value)
Declaration / Initialization of a String, string manipulations (counting vowels/ consonants/ digits/
special characters, case conversion, reversing a string, reversing each word of a string)
Two-dimensional Array: Declaration/initialization of a two-dimensional array, inputting array elements, accessing array elements, manipulation of Array elements (sum of row element, column elements, diagonal elements, finding maximum / minimum values)
User-defined Data Types: Introduction to user defined data types.
Structure: Defining a Structure (Keyword Structure), declaring structure variables, accessing
structure elements, passing structure to functions as value and reference, argument/parameter, function returning structure, array of structure, passing an array of structure as an argument/ a parameter to a function.
Defining a symbol name using typedef keyword and defining a macro using #define preprocessor
directive.
Class XI (Practical) – C++
Duration: 3 hours Total Marks: 30
1. Programming in C++ 10
One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested on Computer during the examination. Marks are allotted on the basis of following:
Logic : 6 Marks
Documentation : 2 Marks Output presentation : 2 Marks
2. Project Work 06 + 4*
Problems using String, Number, array and structure manipulation
General Guidelines: Initial Requirement, developing an interface for user (it is advised to use text based interface screen), developing logic for playing the game and developing logic for scoring points
· Memory game: A number guessing game with application of 2 dimensional arrays containing randomly generated numbers in pairs hidden inside boxes.
· Hollywood/Hangman: A word guessing game
· Cows ‘N Bulls: A word/number Guessing game
· Random Number Guessing Game (High\Low)
· A game to check whether a word does not use any of the forbidden letters
· Cross‘N knots game: A regular tic-tac –toe game.
or
Similar projects may be undertaken in other domains. (As mentioned in general guidelines for project, given at the end of the curriculum in a group of 2-4 students)
* Collaboration and Presentation of the project
3. Practical File 5+1*
(a) Record of the configuration of computer system used by the student in the computer lab (by exploring inside computer system in the first 2 lab classes).
(b) Must have minimum 20 programs from the topics covered in class XI course.
· Programs on Control structures
· Programs on String manipulations
· Programs on array manipulations (1D & 2D)
· Programs on structures.
*1 mark is for innovating while developing programmes.
4. Viva Voce 04
Viva will be asked from the syllabus covered in class XI and the project developed by the student(s).
*1 mark is for innovating while developing programme.
CBSE COMPUTER SCIENCE
Class XII (Theory) – C++ (Session 2018-19)
Duration: 3 hours Total Marks: 70
Unit No.	Unit Name					Marks
1.	OBJECT OIENTED PROGRAMMIMG IN C++					30
2.	DATA STRUCTURE					14
3.	DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND SQL					8
4.	BOOLEAN ALGEBRA					8
5.	COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES					10
	Total					70
Unit 1: Object Oriented Programming in C++ (50 Theory + 40 Practical) Periods
Review: C++ covered in class XI,
Object Oriented Programming: Concept of Object Oriented Programming – Data hiding, Data
encapsulation, Class and Object, Abstract class and Concrete class, Polymorphism
(Implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++); Inheritance, Advantages of Object Oriented Programming over earlier programming methodologies,
Implementation of Object Oriented Programming concepts in C++: Definition of a class, Member
of a class – Data Members and Member Functions (methods), Using Private and Public visibility modes, default visibility mode (private); Member function definition: inside class definition and outside class definition using scope resolution operator (::); accessing members from object (s),
Objects as function arguments–pass by value and pass by reference;
Constructor and Destructor: Constructor: special characteristics, declaration and definition of a
constructor, default constructor, overloaded constructors, copy constructor, constructor with default arguments;
Destructor: Special Characteristics, declaration and definition of destructor;
Inheritance (Extending Classes): Concept of Inheritances, Base Class, Derived classes, protected
visibility mode; Single level inheritance, Multilevel inheritance and Multiple inheritance, Privately
derived, publicly derived and Protectedly derived class, accessibility of members from objects and within derived class (es);
Data File Handling: Need for a data file, Types of data files – Text file and Binary file;
Text File: Basic file operations on text file: Creating/Writing text into file, Reading and
Manipulation of text from an already existing text File (accessing sequentially).
Binary File: Creation of file, Writing data into file, Searching for required data from file,
Appending data to a file, Insertion of data in sorted file, Deletion of data from file, Modification of data in a file;
Implementation of above mentioned data file handling in C++; Components of C++ to be used with file handling: Header file: fstream.h; ifstream, ofstream, classes;
Opening a text file in—in, out, and app modes;
Using cascading operators (>>,<<) for writing text to the file and reading text from the file; open (), get (), read (), put (), write(), getline() and close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function), tellg(), tellp(), seekg(), seekp();
Pointers:
Introduction to Pointer, Declaration and Initialization of Pointer; Dynamic memory allocation/de- allocation operators: new, delete; Pointers and Arrays: Array of Pointers, Pointer to an array (1 dimensional array), Function returning a pointer, Reference variables and use of alias; Function call by reference. Pointer to structure: De-reference/Deference operator: *, ->; self referential
structure;
Unit 2: Data Structures (42 Theory + 36 Practical) Periods
Introduction to data structure- array, stack queues primitive and non-primitive data structure,
linear and non-linear structure, static and dynamic data structure.
Arrays:
One and two Dimensional arrays: Sequential allocation and address calculation;
One dimensional array: Traversal, Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an element in an array, deletion of an element from an array, Sorting (Insertion, Selection, Bubble)
Two-dimensional arrays: Traversal Finding sum/difference of two NxM arrays containing numeric values, Interchanging Row and Column elements in a two dimensional array;
Stack (Array and Linked implementation of Stack):
Introduction to stack (LIFO: Last in First out Operations)
Operations on stack (PUSH and POP) and its Implementation in C++, Converting expressions from INFIX to POSTFIX notation and evaluation of Postfix expression;
Queue: (Array and Linked Implementation)
Introduction to Queue (FIFO: First in First out operations)
Operations on Queue (Insert and Delete and its Implementation in C++, circular queue using array.
Unit 3: Database Management System and SQL (20 Theory + 20 Practical) Periods
Data base Concepts: Introduction to data base concepts and its need.
Relational data model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key, alternate key,
candidate key;
Relational algebra: Selection, Projection, Union and Cartesian product;
Structured Query Language:
General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation
Language;
Data Types: NUMBER/DECIMAL, CHARACTER/VARCHAR/VARCHAR2, DATE;
SQL COMMANDS: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE ….SET…., INSERT, DELETE;
SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY;
SQL functions: SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) AND MIN ( ); Obtaining results (SELECT query)
from 2 tables using equi-join, Cartesian product and Union
Note: Implementation of the above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL supported
software on one or two tables.
Unit 4: Boolean Algebra (16 Theory + 0 Practical) Periods
Role of Logical Operations in Computing.
Binary-valued Quantities, Boolean Variable, Boolean Constant and Boolean Operators: AND, OR,
NOT; Truth Tables; Closure Property, Commutative Law, Associative Law, Identity law, Inverse Law, Principle of Duality, Idempotent Law, Distributive Law, Absorption Law, Involution Law, DeMorgan’s Law and their applications;
Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sum (POS) form the Truth Table, Reducing Boolean
Expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form, Use of Karnaugh Map for minimization of Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables);
Application of Boolean Logic: Digital electronic circuit design using basic Logic Gates (NOT, AND,
OR, NAND, NOR)
Use of Boolean operators (NOT, AND, OR) in SQL SELECT statements
Use of Boolean operators (AND, OR) in search engine queries.
Unit 5: Communication Technologies (16 Theory + 3 Practical) Periods
Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques (Circuit and Packet switching).
Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps).
Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link.
Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router, Switch, Gateway, wifi card.
Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN.
Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, SMTP, POP3 Remote Login (Talent), and Internet Wireless/Mobile Communication protocol such as GSM, CDMA, GPRS, and WLL.
Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G; Mobile processors;
Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3
Protocols for Chat and Video Conferencing VOIP Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMax
Network Security Concepts:
Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams
Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall, https;
India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.
Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB Script, Java Script, PHP) and Server side (ASP, JSP, PHP), Web 2.0 (for social networking)
E-commerce payment transactions using online banking, mobile banking and payment apps and services.
Class XII (Practical) –C++
Duration: 3 Hours Total Marks: 30
1. Programming in C++ 10
One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the examination.
Marks are allotted on the basis of following:
Logic			:	6 Marks
Documentation/Indentation			:	2 Marks
Output presentation			:	2 Marks
Notes: The types of problem to be given will be of application type from the following topics
· Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional)
· Class(es) and objects
· Stack using arrays and or linked implementation
· Queue using arrays (circular) and or linked implementation
· Binary File operations (Creation, Displaying, Searching and
modification)
· Text File operations (Creation, Displaying and modification)
2. SQL Commands 05
Five Query questions based on a particular Table / Relation to be tested practically on Computer during the examination. The command along with the result must be written in the answer sheet.
3. Project Work 05
The project has to be developed in C++ language with Object Oriented Technology and also should have use of Data files. (The project is required to be developed in a group of 2-4 students)
· Presentation on the computer
· Project report (Listing, Sample Outputs, Documentations)
· Viva
* 1 mark is for innovation while writing programme.
4. Practical File 06
Must have minimum 20 programs from the following topics
· Arrays (One dimensional and two dimensional, sorting, searching, merging, deletion & insertion of
elements)
· Class(es) and objects
· Stacks using arrays and linked implementation
· Queue using arrays & linked implementation (circular also).
· File (Binary and Text) operations (Creation, Updation, Query)
· Any computational Based problems
· 15 SQL commands along with the output based on any table/relation:
5. Viva Voce 04
Viva will be asked from syllabus covered in class XII and the project developed by student.
1. Preamble
CBSE Guidelines for Projects (Class XI and XII)
1.1 The academic course in Computer Science includes on Project in each year. The Purpose behind this is
to consolidate the concepts and practices imparted during the course and to serve as a record of competence.
1.2 A group of 2-3 students as team may be allowed to work on one project.
2. Project content
2.1 Project for class XI can be selected from the topics mentioned in the syllabus or domains on the similar lines
2.2 Project for class XII should ensure the coverage of following areas of curriculum:
· Flow of control
· Data Structure
· Object Oriented Programming C++
· Data File Handling
CBSE Theme of the project can be
· Any subsystem of a System Software or Tool
· Any Scientific or a fairly complex algorithmic situation
· School Management, Banking, Library Information System, Hotel or Hospital Management System,
· Transport query system
· Quizzes / Games;
· Tutor, Computer Aided Learning Systems
2.3 It is suggested to prepare a bilingual (English and other Indian language) user manual part of project file.
2.4 The aim of the project is to highlight the abilities of algorithmic formulation, modular programming, optimized code preparation, systematic documentation and other associated aspects of Software Development.

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Computer Science New 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Computer Science New 2018-19

Computer Science (New) CBSE
CLASS-XI
Code No. 083
(Optional for the academic year 2018-19 and mandatory for the academic year 2019-20 onwards)
1. Prerequisites
No major prerequisites are required for this course other than basic Mathematical skills. However, it
will be helpful if the student has a basic knowledge of Computer Applications.
2. Learning Outcomes
1. Develop basic computational thinking. Learn how to reason with variables, state transitions,
conditionals, and iteration.
2. Understand the notion of data types, and higher order data structures such as lists, tuples, and dictionaries.
3. Appreciate the notion of an algorithm, and understand its structure, including how algorithms handle corner cases.
4. Develop a basic understanding of computer systems – architecture, OS, mobile and cloud computing.
5. Learn basic SQL programming.
6. Learn all about cyber safety.
3. Distribution of Marks
Unit No.		Unit Name			Marks
1.		Programming and Computational Thinking – 1			35
2.		Computer Systems and Organisation			10
3.		Data Management – 1			15
4.		Society, Law and Ethics – 1			10
5.		Practical			30
		Total			100
4.1 Unit 1: Programming and Computational Thinking (PCT-1) (80 Theory + 70 Practical)
· Familiarization with the basics of Python programming: a simple “hello world” program,
process of writing a program, running it, and print statements; simple data-types: integer, float, string
· Introduce the notion of a variable, and methods to manipulate it (concept of L-value and R- value even if not taught explicitly)
· Knowledge of data types and operators: accepting input from the console, assignment statement, expressions, operators and their precedence.
· Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else; simple programs: e.g.: absolute value, sort 3 numbers, and divisibility.
· Notion of iterative computation and control flow: for, while, flowcharts, decision trees and pseudo code; write a lot of programs: interest calculation, primarily testing, and factorials.
· Idea of debugging: errors and exceptions; debugging: pdb, break points.
· Lists, tuples and dictionary: finding the maximum, minimum, mean; linear search on list/tuple of numbers, and counting the frequency of elements in a list using a dictionary. Introduce the notion of accessing elements in a collection using numbers and names.
· Sorting algorithm: bubble and insertion sort; count the number of operations while sorting.
· Strings: compare, concat, substring; notion of states and transitions using state transition diagrams.
4.2. Unit 2: Computer Systems and Organisation (CSO) (20 Theory + 6 Practical)
· Basic computer organisation: description of a computer system and mobile system, CPU,
memory, hard disk, I/O, battery, power.
· Types of software: application, OS, utility, libraries.
· Language of Bits: bit, byte, MB, GB, TB, and PB.
· Boolean logic: OR, AND, NAND, NOR, XOR, NOT, truth tables, De Morgan’s laws
· Information representation: numbers in base 2, 8, 16, unsigned integers, binary addition
· Strings: ASCII, UTF8, UTF32, ISCII (Indian script code)
· Execution of a program: basic flow of compilation – program à binary à execution
· Interpreters (process one line at a time), difference between a compiler and an interpreter
· Running a program: Notion of an operating system, how an operating system runs a program, idea of loading, operating system as a resource manager.
· Concept of cloud computers, cloud storage (public/private), and brief introduction to parallel computing.
4.3. Unit 3: Data Management (DM-1) (30 Theory+ 24 Practical)
· Relational databases: idea of a database and the need for it, relations, keys, primary key,
foreign key; use SQL commands to create a table, keys, foreign keys; insert/delete an entry, delete a table.
· SQL commands: select, project, and join; indexes, and a lot of in-class practice.
· Basics of NoSQL databases – Mongo DB.
4.4. Unit 4: Society, Law and Ethics (SLE-1) – Cyber safety (10 Theory)
· Cyber safety: safely browsing the web, identity protection, confidentiality, social networks,
cyber trolls and bullying
· Appropriate usage of social networks: spread of rumours, and common social networking sites (Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook) and specific usage rules.
· Safely accessing web sites: adware, malware, viruses, Trojans
· Safely communicating data: secure connections, eavesdropping, phishing and identity verification.
5. Practical
S.No.	Unit Name					Marks (Total=30)
1.	Lab Test (12 marks)
	Python program (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20% code quality)					8
	SQL program (at least 4 queries)					4
2.	Report File + viva (10 marks)
	Report file: Minimum 20 Python programs and 8 SQL commands					7
	Viva voce (based on the report file)					3
3.	Project (that uses most of the concepts that have been learnt) (See CS-XII for the rules regarding the projects).					8
5.1. Programming in Python: At least the following Python concepts should be covered in the lab
sessions: expressions, conditionals, loops, list, dictionary, and strings. The following are some representative lab assignments.
· Find the largest and smallest numbers in a list.
· Find the third largest number in a list.
· Test for primarily.
· Find whether a string is a palindrome or not.
· Given two integers x and n, compute xn.
· Compute the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple of two integers.
· Test if a number is equal to the sum of the cubes of its digits. Find the smallest and largest such numbers.
5.2. Data Management: SQL Commands At least the following SQL commands should be covered
during the labs: create, insert, delete, select, and join. The following are some representative assignments.
· Create a student table with the student id, name, and marks as attributes where the student id
is the primary key.
· Insert the details of a new student in the above table.
· Delete the details of a particular student in the above table.
· Use the select command to get the details of the students with marks more than 80.
· Create a new table (name, date of birth) by joining two tables (student id, name) and (student id, date of birth).
· Create a new table (order ID, customer Name, and order Date) by joining two tables (order ID, customer ID, and order Date) and (customer ID, customer Name, contact Name, country).
CBSE Computer Science
CLASS-XII
Code No. 083
Optional for the academic year 2019-20 and mandatory for the academic year
2020-21 onwards
1. Prerequisites
Computer Science- Class XI
2. Learning Outcomes
1. Understand the concept of functions and recursion.
2. Learn how to create and use Python libraries.
3. Learn file handling.
4. Learn about the concept of efficiency in algorithms and computing in general.
5. Learn basic data structures: lists, stacks, and queues.
6. Get a basic understanding of computer networks: network stack, basic network hardware, basic protocols, and basic tools.
7. Connect a Python program with an SQL database, and learn aggregation functions in SQL.
8. Have a clear understanding of cyber ethics and cybercrime. Understand the value of technology in societies, gender and disability issues, and the technology behind biometric ids.
3. Distribution of Marks
Unit No.		Unit Name			Marks
1.		Programming and Computational Thinking – 2			30
2.		Computer Networks			15
3.		Data Management – 2			15
4.		Society, Law and Ethics – 2			10
5.		Practicals			30
		Total			100
4.1 Unit 1: Programming and Computational Thinking (PCT-2) (80 Theory + 70 Practical)
· Revision of the basics of Python
· Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties of data objects, pass arrays to functions, return values, functions using libraries: mathematical, and string functions.
· File handling: open and close a file, read, write, and append to a file, standard input, output, and error streams, relative and absolute paths.
· Using Python libraries: create and import Python libraries
· Recursion: simple algorithms with recursion: factorial, Fibonacci numbers; recursion on arrays: binary search
· Idea of efficiency: performance defined as inversely proportional to the wall clock time, count the number of operations a piece of code is performing, and measure the time taken by a program. Example: take two different programs for the same problem, and understand how the efficient one takes less time.
· Data visualization using Pyplot: line chart, pie chart, and bar chart.
· Data-structures: lists, stacks, queues.
4.2 Unit 2: Computer Networks (CN) (30 Theory + 10 Practical)
· Structure of a network: Types of networks: local area and wide area (web and internet), new
technologies such as cloud and IoT, public vs. private cloud, wired and wireless networks; concept of a client and server.
· Network devices such as a NIC, switch, hub, router, and access point.
· Network stack: amplitude and frequency modulation, collision in wireless networks, error checking, and the notion of a MAC address, main idea of routing. IP addresses: (v4 and v6), routing table, router, DNS, and web URLs, TCP: basic idea of retransmission, and rate modulation when there is congestion (analogy to a road network), Protocols: 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi- Fi. What makes a protocol have a higher bandwidth?
· Basic network tools: traceroute, ping, ipconfig, nslookup, whois, speed-test.
· Application layer: HTTP (basic idea), working of email, secure communication: encryption and certificates (HTTPS), network applications: remote desktop, remote login, HTTP, FTP, SCP, SSH, POP/IMAP, SMTP, VoIP, NFC.
4.3 Unit 3: Data Management (DM-2) (20 Theory + 20 Practical)
· Write a minimal Django based web application that parses a GET and POST request, and
writes the fields to a file – flat file and CSV file.
· Interface Python with an SQL database
· SQL commands: aggregation functions – having, group by, order by.
4.4. Unit 4: Society, Law and Ethics (SLE-2) (10 Theory)
· Intellectual property rights, plagiarism, digital rights management, and licensing (Creative
Commons, GPL and Apache), open source, open data, privacy.
· Privacy laws, fraud; cyber-crime- phishing, illegal downloads, child pornography, scams; cyber forensics, IT Act, 2000.
· Technology and society: understanding of societal issues and cultural changes induced by technology.
· E-waste management: proper disposal of used electronic gadgets.
· Identity theft, unique ids, and biometrics.
· Gender and disability issues while teaching and using computers.
5. Practical
S.No.			Unit Name			Marks (Total=30)
1.				Lab Test (10 marks)
	Python program (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20% code quality)					7
	Small Python program that sends a SQL query to a database and displays the result. A stub program can be provided.					3
2.			Report File + viva(9 marks)
	Report file: Minimum 21 Python programs. Out of this at least 4 programs should send SQL commands to a database and retrieve the result; at least 1 program should implement the web server to write user data to a CSV file.					7
	Viva voce based on the report file					2
3.			Project + viva (11 marks)
	Project (that uses most of the concepts that have been learnt)					8
	Project viva voce					3
Some sample lab assignments are as follows:
5.1. Programming in Python:
· Recursively find the factorial of a natural number.
· Read a file line by line and print it.
· Remove all the lines that contain the character `a’ in a file and write it to another file.
· Write a Python function sin(x, n) to calculate the value of sin(x) using its Taylor series expansion up to n terms. Compare the values of sin(x) for different values of n with the correct value.
· Write a random number generator that generates random numbers between 1 and 6 (simulates a dice).
· Write a recursive code to find the sum of all elements of a list.
· Write a recursive code to compute the nth Fibonacci number.
· Write a Python program to implement a stack and queue using a list data-structure.
· Write a recursive Python program to test if a string is a palindrome or not.
· Write a Python program to plot the function y = x2 using the pyplot or matplotlib libraries.
· Create a graphical application that accepts user inputs, performs some operation on them, and then writes the output on the screen. For example, write a small calculator. Use the tkinter library.
· Open a webpage using the urllib library.
· Compute EMIs for a loan using the numpy or scipy libraries.
· Take a sample of 10 phishing e-mails and find the most common words.
5.2. Data Management: SQL and web-server
· Find the min, max, sum, and average of the marks in a student marks table.
· Find the total number of customers from each country in the table (customer ID, customer name, country) using group by.
· Write a SQL query to order the (student ID, marks) table in descending order of the marks.
· Integrate SQL with Python by importing the MySQL module
· Write a Django based web server to parse a user request (POST), and write it to a CSV file.
6. Project
The aim of the class project is to create something that is tangible and useful. This should be done in
groups of 2 to 3 students, and should be started by students at least 6 months before the submission deadline. The aim here is to find a real world problem that is worthwhile to solve. Students are encouraged to visit local businesses and ask them about the problems that they are facing. For example, if a business is finding it hard to create invoices for filing GST claims, then students can do a project that takes the raw data (list of transactions), groups the transactions by category, accounts for the GST tax rates, and creates invoices in the appropriate format. Students can be extremely creative here. They can use a wide variety of Python libraries to create user friendly applications such as games, software for their school, software for their disabled fellow students, and mobile applications, Of course to do some of this projects, some additional learning is required; this should be encouraged. Students should know how to teach themselves.
If three people work on a project for 6 months, at least 500 lines of code is expected. The committee
has also been made aware about the degree of plagiarism in such projects. Teachers should take a very strict look at this situation, and take very strict disciplinary action against students who are cheating on lab assignments, or projects, or using pirated software to do the same. Everything that is proposed can be achieved using absolutely free, and legitimate open source software.

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Chemistry 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Chemistry 2018-19

8. CHEMISTRY (Code No. 043) CBSE

2018-19

Rationale

Higher Secondary is the most crucial stage of school education because at this juncture specialized

discipline based, content -oriented courses are introduced. Students reach this stage after 10 years of general education and opt for Chemistry with a purpose of pursuing their career in basic sciences or professional courses like medicine, engineering, technology and other applied areas. Therefore, there is a need to provide learners with sufficient conceptual background of Chemistry, which will make them competent to meet the challenges of academic and professional courses after the senior secondary

stage.

The new and updated curriculum is based on disciplinary approach with rigour and depth taking care

that the syllabus is not heavy and at the same time it is comparable to the international level. The knowledge related to the subject of Chemistry has undergone tremendous changes during the past one decade. Many new areas like synthetic materials, bio -molecules, natural resources, industrial chemistry are coming in a big way and deserve to be an integral part of chemistry syllabus at senior secondary stage. At international level, new formulations and nomenclature of elements and compounds, symbols and units of physical quantities floated by scientific bodies like IUPAC and CGPM are of immense importance and need to be incorporated in the updated syllabus. The revised syllabus takes care of all these aspects. Greater emphasis has been laid on use of new nomenclature, symbols and formulations, teaching of fundamental concepts, application of concepts in chemistry to industry/ technology, logical

sequencing of units, removal of obsolete content and repetition, etc.

Objectives

The curriculum of Chemistry at Senior Secondary Stage aims to:

• promote understanding of basic facts and concepts in chemistry while retaining the excitement of chemistry.

• make students capable of studying chemistry in academic and professional courses (such as medicine, engineering, technology) at tertiary level.

• expose the students to various emerging new areas of chemistry and apprise them with their relevance in future studies and their application in various spheres of chemical sciences and technology.

• equip students to face various challenges related to health, nutrition, environment, population, weather, industries and agriculture.

• develop problem solving skills in students.

• expose the students to different processes used in industries and their technological applications.

• apprise students with interface of chemistry with other disciplines of science such as physics, biology, geology, engineering etc.

• acquaint students with different aspects of chemistry used in daily life.

• develop an interest in students to study chemistry as a discipline.

• integrate life skills and values in the context of chemistry.

CLASS-XI (THEORY) (2018-19)

CBSE COURSE STRUCTURE

Total Periods (Theory 160+ Practical 60)

Time: 3 Hours Total Marks 70

Unit No.

Title

No. of Periods

Marks

Unit I

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Unit II

Structure of Atom

Unit III

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Unit IV

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Unit V

States of Matter: Gases, Liquids and solids

Unit VI

Chemical Thermodynamics

Unit VII

Equilibrium

Unit VIII

Redox Reactions

Unit IX

Hydrogen

Unit X

s -Block Elements

Unit XI

p -Block Elements

Unit XII

Organic Chemistry: Some basic Principles and Techniques

Unit XIII

Hydrocarbons

Unit XIV

Environmental Chemistry

Total

160

Unit I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 8 Periods

General Introduction: Importance and scope of chemistry.

Nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules.

Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.

Unit II: Structure of Atom 10 Periods

Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms,

stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

Unit III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 06 Periods

Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater

than 100

Unit IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular structure 14 Periods

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital

theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules(qualitative idea only), hydrogen bond.

Unit V: States of Matter: Gases, Liquids and Solids 18 Periods

Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle’s law, Charles law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro’s number, ideal gas equation. Deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature, kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)

Liquid State: vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations)

Solid state: Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic,

covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point

defects, electrical and magnetic properties.

Unit VI: Chemical Thermodynamics 16 Periods

Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of AU and AH, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction). Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb’s energy change for spontaneous and non- spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium.

Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).

Unit VII: Equilibrium 14 Periods

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium- Le Chatelier’s principle, ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, Henderson Equation, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, solubility product, common ion effect

(with illustrative examples).

Unit VIII: Redox Reactions 06 Periods

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox

reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions.

Unit IX: Hydrogen 08 Periods

Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and

uses of hydrogen, hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide -preparation, reactions and structure and use;

hydrogen as a fuel.

Unit X: s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals) 10 Periods

Group 1 and Group 2 Elements General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,

anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses. Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds: Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydrogencarbonate, Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium. Calcium Oxide and Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses, biological importance of

Magnesium and Calcium

Unit XI: p -Block Elements 18 Periods

General Introduction to p -Block Elements

Group 13 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of

properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first

element of the group, Boron – physical and chemical properties, some important compounds, Borax, Boric acid, Boron Hydrides, Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalies, uses.

Group 14 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of

properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first elements. Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some important compounds: oxides. Important compounds of Silicon and a few uses: Silicon

Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses.

Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation

states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of Nitrogen, preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid, Oxides of Nitrogen(Structure only) ; Phosphorus – allotropic forms, compounds of Phosphorus:

Preparation and Properties of Phosphine, Halides and Oxoacids (elementary idea only).

Unit XII: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques 14 Periods

General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions,

electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

Unit XIII: Hydrocarbons 12 Periods

Classification of Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties,

chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.

Alkenes – Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical

properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen,

water, hydrogen halides (Markownikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.

Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of

preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance,

aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration,

sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

Unit XIV: Environmental Chemistry 06 Periods

Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog, major atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming- pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategies for control of

environmental pollution.

PRACTICALS

CBSE PRACTICAL SYLLABUS Total Periods 60

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments. Wherever possible such techniques should be used:

A. Basic Laboratory Techniques

1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod

2. Bending a glass tube

3. Drawing out a glass jet

4. Boring a cork

B. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances

1. Determination of melting point of an organic compound.

2. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound.

3. Crystallization of impure sample of any one of the following: Alum, Copper Sulphate, Benzoic Acid.

C. Experiments based on pH

(a) Any one of the following experiments:

• Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solution of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.

• Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration.

• Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.

(b) Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases.

D. Chemical Equilibrium

One of the following experiments:

a) Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.

Evaluation Scheme for Examination

Marks

Volumetric Analysis

Salt Analysis

Content Based Experiment

Project Work

Class record and viva

Total

b) Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6] concentration of either of the ions.

and chloride ions by changing the

E. Quantitative Estimation

i) Using a chemical balance.

ii) Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid.

iii) Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium Hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of Oxalic acid.

iv) Preparation of standard solution of Sodium Carbonate.

v) Determination of strength of a given solution of Hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard Sodium Carbonate solution.

F. Qualitative Analysis

(a) Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

Cations- Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+,Ba2+, Mg2+, [NH ]+

2- 2- 2- 2-

– – – – 3- 2- –

Anions – [CO3]

, S , [SO3]

, [SO4]

, [NO3] , Cl ,Br , I , [PO4]

, [C2O4]

, CH3COO

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

(b) Detection of -Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds.

PROJECT

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources.

A few suggested Projects

• Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion.

• Study of the methods of purification of water.

• Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, Chloride, etc., depending upon the regional variation in drinking water and study of causes of presence of these ions above permissible limit (if any).

• Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and the effect of addition of Sodium Carbonate on it.

• Study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves.

• Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids.

• Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers.

• Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students Class XI

Note: Same Evaluation scheme and general guidelines for visually impaired students as given for Class XII may be followed.

A. List of apparatus for identification for assessment in practicals (All experiments)

Beaker, Tripod stand, Wire gauze, glass rod, funnel, filter paper, Bunsen burner, test tube, test tube stand, dropper, test tube holder, ignition tube, china dish, tongs, funnel, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, standard flask, pipette, burette, conical flask, funnel, clamp stand, dropper, wash bottle, filter paper

• Odour detection in qualitative analysis

• Procedure/Setup of the apparatus

B. List of Experiments

A. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances

1. Crystallization of an impure sample of any one of the following: copper sulphate, benzoic acid

B. Experiments based on pH

1. Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solutions of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper

2. Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration.

C. Chemical Equilibrium

1. Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either ions.

2. Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]

concentration of either of the ions.

D. Quantitative estimation

1. Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.

and chloride ions by changing the

2. Determination of molarity of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it against

standard solution of oxalic acid.

E. Qualitative Analysis

1. Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

2. Cations- NH4+

2- 2-

2- – –

Anions – [CO3]

, S , [SO3]

, Cl , CH3COO

(Note: insoluble salts excluded)

3. Detection of Nitrogen in the given organic compound.

4. Detection of Halogen in the given organic compound.

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording

observations. Prescribed Books:

1. Chemistry Part -I, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.

2. Chemistry Part -II, Class-XI, Published by NCERT.

CHEMISTRY (Code No. 043)

CBSE QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS – XI (2018-19)

Time 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

Typology of Questions

Very Short Answer (VSA)
(1 mark)

Short Answer-I (SA-I)
(2 marks)

Short Answer – II (SA-II)
(3marks)

Long Answer (LA)
(5 marks)

Total Marks

%
Weightage

Remembering- (Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories, Identify, define,or recite, information)

–

10%

Understanding- Comprehension -to be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase information)

–

30%

Application (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations, Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

–

30%

High Order Thinking Skills (Analysis
& Synthesis-
Classify, compare, contrast, or differentiate between different pieces of information, Organize and/or integrate unique pieces of information from a variety of sources)

–

14%

Evaluation- (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

16%

TOTAL

5X1=5

7×2=14

12×3=36

3×5=15

70(27)

100%

CBSE QUESTION WISE BREAK UP

Type of Question

Mark per Question

Total No. of Questions

Total Marks

VSA

SA-I

SA-II

Total

1. Internal Choice: There is no overall choice in the paper. However, there is an internal choice in

one question of 2 marks weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all the three questions of 5 marks weightage.

2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating

similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same

CLASS XII (2018-19) THEORY

Total Periods (Theory 160 + Practical 60)

Time: 3 Hours 70 Marks

Unit No.

Title

No. of Periods

Marks

Unit I

Solid State

Unit II

Solutions

Unit III

Electrochemistry

Unit IV

Chemical Kinetics

Unit V

Surface Chemistry

Unit VI

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Unit VII

p-Block Elements

Unit VIII

d -and f -Block Elements

Unit IX

Coordination Compounds

Unit X

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Unit XI

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Unit XII

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Unit XIII

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

Unit XIV

Biomolecules

Unit XV

Polymers

Unit XVI

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Total

160

Unit I: Solid State 10 Periods

Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic

solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties.

Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors.

Unit II: Solutions 10 Periods

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases

in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.

Unit III: Electrochemistry 12 Periods

Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations

of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation

between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics 10 Periods

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration,

temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious

equation.

Unit V: Surface Chemistry 08 Periods

Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis, homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity; enzyme catalysis colloidal state distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion – types of emulsions.

Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements 08 Periods

Principles and methods of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction – electrolytic method

and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron

Unit VII: Some p -Block Elements 12 Periods

Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of Nitrogen, preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid, Oxides of Nitrogen(Structure only) ; Phosphorus – allotropic forms, compounds of Phosphorus: Preparation and Properties of Phosphine, Halides and Oxoacids (elementary idea only).

Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses, classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: Preparation Properties and uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).

Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures only).

Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit VIII: “d” and “f” Block Elements 12 Periods

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition

metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic

properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and

KMnO4.

Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

Actinoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds 12 Periods

Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic

properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative inclusion, extraction of metals and biological system).

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 10 Periods

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism

of substitution reactions, optical rotation.

Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).

Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10 Periods

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary

alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic

nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 10 Periods

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation,

physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical

properties; uses.

Unit XIII: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen 10 Periods

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical

properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Cyanides and Isocyanides – will be mentioned at relevant places in text.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules 12 Periods

Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-

L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins -Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of

proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones – Elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins – Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

Unit XV: Polymers 08 Periods

Classification – natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation),

copolymerization, some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon polyesters, bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.

Unit XVI: Chemistry in Everyday life 06 Periods

Chemicals in medicines – analgesics, tranquilizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials,

antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.

Chemicals in food – preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants. Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

PRACTICALS

Evaluation Scheme for Examination

Marks

Volumetric Analysis

Salt Analysis

Content Based Experiment

Project Work

Class record and viva

Total

PRACTICALS SYLLABUS 60 Periods

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments.

Wherever possible, such techniques should be used.

A. Surface Chemistry

(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol Lyophilic sol – starch, egg albumin and gum

Lyophobic sol – aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.

(b) Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.

B. Chemical Kinetics

(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.

(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:

(i) Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using different

concentration of Iodide ions.

(ii) Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite: (Na2SO3) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).

C. Thermochemistry

Any one of the following experiments

i) Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.

ii) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).

iii) Determination of enthaply change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.

D. Electrochemistry

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO or ZnSO 4) at room temperature.

E. Chromatography

i) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.

ii) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

i) Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.

ii) Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

G. Preparation of Organic Compounds

Preparation of any one of the following compounds

i) Acetanilide

ii) Di -benzal Acetone

iii) p-Nitroacetanilide

iv) Aniline yellow or 2 – Naphthol Aniline dye.

H. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

I. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given

food stuffs.

J. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution

of:

i) Oxalic acid,ss

ii) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

K. Qualitative analysis

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cation – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+,[NH ]+

2- 2- 2- 2-

– – – – 3- 2- –

Anions – [CO3]

, S , [SO3]

, [SO4]

, [NO2] , Cl ,Br , I , [PO4]

, [C2O4]

, CH3COO

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

PROJECT

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources.

A few suggested Projects.

· Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.

· Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.

· Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd formation, effect of temperature, etc.

· Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as food preservative under various conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.)

· Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature on it.

· Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat flour, gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.

· Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardamom).

· Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power, chilli powder and pepper.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with the

approval of the teacher.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of Classes XI and XII Evaluation Scheme

Time Allowed: Two hours Max. Marks: 30

Identification/ Familiarity with the apparatus

5 marks

Written test (based on given/ prescribed practicals

10 marks

Practical Record

5 marks

Viva

10 marks

Total

30 marks

General Guidelines

• The practical examination will be of two hour duration.

• A separate list of ten experiments is included here.

• The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the time of practical examination of all other students.

• The written test will be of 30 minutes duration.

• The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain a total of

15practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would be required to answer any 10 questions.

• A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.

• All questions included in the question papers should be related to the listed practicals. Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.

• These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected to record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for each subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal examiner.

• The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim, apparatus required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions etc.

• Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used for assessment.

• The viva questions may include questions based on basic theory/principle/concept, apparatus/materials/ chemicals required, procedure, precautions, sources of error etc.

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity of the apparatus for assessment in practicals (All experiments)

Beaker, glass rod, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, Whatman filter paper, gas jar, capillary tube, Pestle and mortar, Test tubes, tongs, test tube holder, test tube stand, burette, Pipette, conical flask, standard flask, clamp stand, Tripod stand, burner, wire gauze, funnel, filter paper

Hands-on Assessment

• Identification/familiarity with the apparatus

• Odour detection in qualitative analysis

B. List of Practicals

The experiments have been divided into two sections: Section A and Section B. The experiments mentioned in Section B are mandatory.

A Surface Chemistry

SECTION- A

(1) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol

Lyophilic sol – starch, egg albumin and gum

(2) Preparation of one lyophobic sol Lyophobic sol – Ferric hydroxide

B Chromatography

(1) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values (distance values may be provided).

C Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

(1) Alcoholic and Carboxylic groups.

(2) Aldehydic and Ketonic

D Characteristic tests of carbohydrates and proteins in the given food stuffs.

E Preparation of Inorganic Compounds- Potash Alum

F Quantitative analysis

SECTION-B (Mandatory)

(1) (a) Preparation of the standard solution of Oxalic acid of a given volume

(b) Determination of molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of Oxalic acid.

(2) The above exercise [F 1 (a) and (b)] to be conducted using Ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr’s salt)

G Qualitative analysis:

(1) Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt. Cations- NH4+

2- 2-

2- – –

Anions – [CO3]

, S , [SO3]

, Cl , CH3COO

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording

observations.

Prescribed Books:

1. Chemistry Part -I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.

2. Chemistry Part -II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.

CHEMISTRY (Code No. 043) QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS – XII (2018-19)

Time 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

S.
No.

Typology of Questions

Very Short Answer (VSA)
(1 mark)

Short Answer-I (SA-I)
(2 marks)

Short Answer – II (SA-II)
(3 marks)

Long Answer (LA)
(5 marks)

Total Marks

%
Weightage

Remembering- (Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories, Identify, define, or recite, information)

–

10%

Understanding -Comprehension
–to be familiar with meaning and to understand
conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase information)

–

30%

Application (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations, Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

–

30%

–

14%

Evaluation- (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

16%

TOTAL

5×1=5

7×2=14

12×3=36

3×5=15

70(27)

100%

QUESTION WISE BREAK UP

Type of Question

Mark per Question

Total No. of Questions

Total Marks

VSA

SA-I

SA-II

Total

1. Internal Choice: There is no overall choice in the paper. However, there is an internal choice in one

question of 2 marks weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all the three questions of 5 marks weightage.

2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating

similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same.

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Business Studies 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Business Studies 2018-19

18. BUSINESS STUDIES (Code No. 054) CBSE

Rationale

The courses in Business Studies and Accountancy are introduced at + 2 stage of Senior Secondary Education as formal commerce education is provided after first ten years of schooling. Therefore, it becomes necessary that instructions in these subjects are given in such a manner that students have a good understanding of the principles and practices bearing in business (trade and industry) as well as their relationship with the society.

Business is a dynamic process that brings together technology, natural resources and

human initiative in a constantly changing global environment. To understand the framework in which a business operates, a detailed study of the organisation and management of business processes and its interaction with the environment is required. Globalisation has changed the way organizations transact their business.

Information Technology is becoming a part of business operations in more and more

organisations. Computerised systems are fast replacing other systems. E-business and other related concepts are picking up fast which need to be emphasized in the curriculum.

The course in Business Studies prepares students to analyse, manage, evaluate and

respond to changes which affect business. It provides a way of looking at and interacting with the business environment. It recognizes the fact that business influences and is influenced by social, political, legal and economic forces.

It allows students to appreciate that business is an integral component of society and

develops an understanding of many social and ethical issues.

Therefore, to acquire basic knowledge of the business world, a course in Business

Studies would be useful. It also informs students of a range of study and work options and bridges the gap between school and work.

Objectives:

· To develop students with an understanding of the processes of business and its environment;

· To acquaint students with the dynamic nature and inter-dependent aspects of business;

· To develop an interest in the theory and practice of business, trade and industry;

· To familiarize students with theoretical foundations of the process of organizing and managing the operations of a business firm;

· To help students appreciate the economic and social significance of business activity and the social cost and benefits arising there from;

· To acquaint students with the practice of managing the operations and resources of business;

· To enable students to act more effectively and responsibly as consumers, employers, employees and citizens;

· To develop a business attitude and skills in students.

· To inculcate appropriate attitude and develop skills among students to pursue higher education, world of work including self employment.

BUSINESS STUDIES (Code No. 054)

CBSE CLASS–XI (2018-19)

One Paper 100 Marks

3 Hours

Units

Periods

Marks

Part A

Foundations of Business

Nature and Purpose of Business

Forms of Business Organisations

Public, Private and Global Enterprises

Business Services

Emerging Modes of Business

Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics

Total

120

Part B

Finance and Trade

Sources of Business Finance

Small Business

Internal Trade

International Business

Project Work

Total

120

Part A: Foundation of Business 120 Periods

Concept includes meaning and features

Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business 22 Periods

History of Commerce in India: Indigenous Banking System, Rise of Intermediaries, Transport, Trading Communities: Merchant Corporations, Major Trade Centres, Major Imports and Exports, Position of Indian Sub-Continent in the World Economy.

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Know the History of Commerce in India

Business -Concept
· Concept includes meaning and features

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of business with special reference to economic and non-economic activities.
· Discuss the characteristics of business.

Business, profession and employment- Concept

· Understand the concept of business, profession and employment.
· Differentiate between business, profession and employment.

Objectives of business

· Appreciate the economic and social objectives of business.
· Examine the role of profit in business.

Classification of business activities – Industry and Commerce

· Understand the broad categories of business activities- industry and commerce.

Industry-types: primary, secondary, tertiary Meaning and subgroups

· Describe the various types of industries.

Commerce-trade: (types-internal, external; wholesale and retail) and auxiliaries to trade; (banking, insurance, transportation, warehousing, communication, and advertising) – meaning

·   Discuss the meaning of commerce, trade and auxiliaries to trade.
·   Discuss the meaning of different types of trade and auxiliaries to trade.
·   Examine the role of commerce- trade and auxiliaries to trade.

Business risk-Concept

· Understand the concept of risk as a special characteristic of business.
· Examine the nature and causes of business risks.

Unit 2: Forms of Business organizations 26 Periods

Sole Proprietorship-Concept, merits and limitations.

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· List the different forms of business organizations and understand their meaning.
· Identify and explain the concept, merits and limitations of Sole Proprietorship.

Partnership-Concept, types, merits and limitation of partnership, registration of a partnership firm, partnership deed. Types of partners

·   Identify and explain the concept, merits and limitations of a Partnership firm.
·   Understand the types of partnership on the basis of duration and on the basis of liability.
·   Define limited liability partnership.
·   State the need for registration of a partnership firm.
·   Discuss types of partners –active, sleeping, secret, nominal and partner by estoppel.

Hindu Undivided Family Business: Concept

· Understand the concept of Hindu Undivided Family Business.

Cooperative Societies-Concept, merits, and limitations.

· Identify and explain the concept, merits and limitations of Cooperative Societies.
· Understand the concept of

consumers, producers, marketing, farmers, credit and housing co- operatives.

Company-Concept, merits and limitations; Types: Private, Public and One Person Company – Concept

·   Identify and explain the concept, merits and limitations of private and public companies.
·   Understand the meaning of one person company.
·   Distinguish between a private company and a public company.

Formation of company-stages, important documents to be used in formation of a company

· Highlight the stages in the formation of a company.
· Discuss the important documents used in the various stages in the formation of a company.

Choice of form of business organization

· Distinguish between the various forms of business organizations.
· Explain the factors that influence the choice of a suitable form of business organization.

Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises 22 Periods

Public sector and private sector enterprises – Concept

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Develop an understanding of Public sector and private sector enterprises

Forms of public sector enterprises: Departmental Undertakings, Statutory Corporations and Government Company.

· Identify and explain the features, merits and limitations of different forms of public sector enterprises

Global enterprises (MNCs) – Features, Joint ventures, Public private partnership – concept

· Develop an understanding of global enterprises, joint ventures and public private partnership by studying their meaning and features.

Unit 4: Business Services 22 Periods

Business services and its types – Meaning. Banking: Types of bank accounts- savings, current, recurring, fixed deposit and multiple option deposit account.

·   Understand the meaning and types of business services.
·   Discuss the meaning and types of Business service Banking
·   Develop an understanding of difference types of bank account.

Banking services with particular reference to Bank Draft, Bank Overdraft, Cash credit. E-Banking meaning, Types of digital payments

· Develop an understanding of the different services provided by banks

Insurance-: Principles, Types –life, health, fire and marine insurance –concept

·   Recall the concept of insurance
·   Understand Utmost Good Faith, Insurable Interest, Indemnity, Contribution, Doctrine of Subrogation and Causa Proxima as principles of insurance
·   Discuss the meaning of different types of insurance-life, health, fire, marine insurance.

Postal Service-Mail, Registered Post, Parcel, Speed Post, Courier-meaning.

· Understand the utility of different telecom services

Unit 5: Emerging Modes of Business 12 Periods

E-business (concept), scope and benefits

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
·   Give the meaning of e-business.
·   Discuss the scope of e-business.
·   Appreciate the benefits of e- business
·   Distinguish e-business from traditional business.

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Concept, need and scope

·   Understand the concept of outsourcing.
·   Examine the scope of outsourcing, appreciate the need of outsourcing.
·   Discuss the meaning of Business Process Outsourcing and Knowledge Process Outsourcing

Unit 6: Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics 16 Periods

Concept of social responsibility

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· State the concept of social responsibility.

Case of social responsibility

· Examine the case for social responsibility.

Responsibility towards owners, investors, consumers, employees, government and community.

· Identify the social responsibility towards different interest groups.

Environment protection and business- Meaning and role

· Appreciate the role of business in environment protection.

Business Ethics-Concept and Elements

· State the concept of business ethics.
· Describe the elements of business ethics.

Part B: Finance and Trade 120 Periods

Concept includes meaning and features

Unit 7: Sources of Business Finance 30 Periods

Concept of business finance

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· State the meaning, nature and importance of business finance.

Owners’ funds- equity shares, preferences share, retained earnings, Global Depository receipt (GDR), American Depository Receipt (ADR) and International Depository Receipt (IDR) – concept

·   Classify the various sources of funds into owners’ funds.
·   State the meaning of owners’ funds.
·   Understand the meaning of Global Depository receipts, American Depository Receipts and International Depository Receipts.

Borrowed funds: debentures and bonds, loan from financial institution and commercial banks, public deposits, trade credit, Inter Corporate Deposits (ICD).

·   State the meaning of borrowed funds.
·   Discuss the concept of debentures, bonds, loans from financial institutions and commercial banks, Trade credit and inter corporate deposits.
·   Distinguish between owners’ funds and borrowed funds.

Unit 8: Small Business and Enterprises 16 Periods

Entrepreneurship Development (ED): Concept, Characteristics and Need
· Process Entrepreneurship Development: Start-up India Scheme, ways to fund start-up
· Intellectual Property Rights and Entrepreneurship

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of Entrepreneurship Development (ED), Intellectual Property Rights

Small scale enterprise as defined by MSMED Act 2006 (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Act)

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the meaning of small business

Role of small business in India with special reference to rural areas

· Discuss the role of small business in India

Government schemes and agencies for small scale industries: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) and District Industrial Centre (DIC) with special reference to rural, backward areas

· Appreciate the various Government schemes and agencies for development of small scale industries. NSIC and DIC with special reference to rural, backward area.

Unit 9: Internal Trade 30 Periods

Internal trade – meaning and types services rendered by a wholesaler and a retailer
GST (Goods and Services Tax): Concept and key-features

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
·   State the meaning and types of internal trade.
·   Appreciate the services of wholesalers and retailers.
·   Understand the concept of GST

Types of retail-trade-Itinerant and small scale fixed shops retailers

· Explain the different types of retail trade.

Large scale retailers-Departmental stores, chain stores – concept

· Highlight the distinctive features of departmental stores, chain stores and mail order business.

Concept of automatic vending machine

· State the concept of automatic vending machine.

Main documents used in internal trade: Performa invoice, invoice, debit note, credit note. Lorry receipt (LR) and Railways Receipt (RR).

· Describe the main documents used in internal trade.

Terms of Trade: Cash on Delivery (COD), Free on Board (FOB), Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF), Errors and Omissions Excepted (E&OE).

· Develop an understanding of the various terms used in internal trade.

Unit 10: International Trade 14 Periods

International trade – concept

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of international trade.

International trade: concept and benefits

· Describe the scope of international trade to the nation and business firms.

Export trade- Meaning, objectives and procedure of Export Trade

· State the meaning and objectives of export trade.
· Explain the important steps involved in executing export trade.

Import Trade- Meaning, objectives and procedure

· State the meaning and objectives of import trade.
· Discuss the important steps involved in executing import trade.

Documents involved in International Trade; indent, letter of credit, shipping order, shipping bills, mate’s receipt(DA/DP), specimen of the documents, importance

·   Develop an understanding of the various documents used in international trade.
·   Identify the specimen of the various documents used in international trade.
·   Highlight the importance of the

documents needed in connection with international trade transactions

World Trade Organization (WTO) meaning and objectives

· State the meaning of World Trade Organization.
· Discuss the objectives of World Trade Organization in promoting international trade.

Unit 11: Project Work 30 Periods

As per CBSE guidelines.

CBSE BUSINESS STUDIES

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN YEAR 2018-19
Code No. 054 CLASS XI

Time: 3 hrs

Max. Marks – 90

S N

Typology of Questions

Learning Outcomes & Testing Skills

Very Short Answer (VSA) (1
Mark)

Short Answ er -I (SA-I) (3
Mark s)

Short Answer -II (SA-II) (4
Marks)

Long Answer (LA) (5 Marks)

Essay Type (6 Marks )

Total Marks

%
Wei ghta ge

Remembering- (Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories; Identify, define, or recite, information)

·      Reasoning
·      Analytical Skills
·      Critical Skills

–

16%

Understanding- (Comprehension –to be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase, or interpret information)

–

20%

Application- (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations; Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

29%

High Order Thinking Skills- (Analysis & SynthesisClassify, compare, contrast, or differentiate between different pieces of information; Organize and/or integrate unique pieces of information from a variety of sources)

22%

Evaluation- (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

13%

TOTAL-1 project (10

8×1=8

6×3=

5×4= 20

4×5= 20

4×6= 24

90(27)

100

Marks)

project

(10)

Estimated Time (in minutes)

8 min

27
min

30 min

40 min

60 min

165 min+15 min for revision

CLASS–XII (2018-19)

CBSE COURSE STRUCTURE

One Paper 3 Hours Theory: 80 Marks Project: 20 Marks

Units

Periods

Marks

Part A

Principles and Functions of Management

Nature and Significance of Management

Principles of Management

Business Environment

Planning

Organising

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

120

Part B

Business Finance and Marketing

Financial Management

Financial Markets

Marketing Management

Consumer Protection

Part C

Project Work (One)

120

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management 120 Periods

Concept includes meaning and features

Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management 14 Periods

Management-concept, objectives, and importance
· Concept includes meaning and features

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
·   Understand the concept of management.
·   Explain the meaning of ‘Effectiveness and Efficiency.
·   Discuss the objectives of management.
·   Describe the importance of management.

Management as Science, Art and Profession

· Examine the nature of management as a science, art and profession.

Levels of Management

· Understand the role of top, middle and lower levels of management

Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling

· Explain the functions of management

Coordination- concept and importance

· Discuss the concept and characteristics of coordination.

· Explain the importance of coordination.

Unit 2: Principles of Management 14 Periods

Principles of Management- concept and significance

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of principles of management.
· Explain the significance of management principles.

Fayol’s principles of management

· Discuss the principles of management developed by Fayol.

Taylor’s Scientific management- principles and techniques

· Explain the principles and techniques of ‘Scientific Management’.
· Compare the contributions of Fayol and Taylor.

Unit 3: Business Environment 12 Periods

Business Environment- concept and importance

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of ‘Business Environment’.
· Describe the importance of business environment

Dimensions of Business Environment- Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal
Demonetization – concept and features

· Describe the various dimensions of ‘Business Environment’.
· Understand the concept of demonetization

Impact of Government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization, privatization and globalization in India

· Examine the impact of government policy changes on business in India with reference to liberalisation, privatization and globalisation since 1991.
· Discuss the managerial response to changes in business environment.

Unit 4: Planning 14 Periods

Concept, importance and limitation

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of planning.
· Describe the importance of planning.

· Understand the limitations of planning.

Planning process

· Describe the steps in the process of planning.

Single use and standing plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, method Rule, budget and Programme

· Develop an understanding of single use and standing plans
· Describe objectives, policies, strategy, procedure, method, rule, budget and programme as types of plans.

Unit 5: Organising 18 Periods

Concept and importance

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of organizing as a structure and as a process.
· Explain the importance of organising.

Organising Process

· Describe the steps in the process of organizing

Structure of organisation- functional and divisional concept. Formal and informal organisation- concept

·   Describe functional and divisional structures of organisation.
·   Explain the advantages, disadvantages and suitability of functional and divisional structure.
·   Understand the concept of formal and informal organisation.
·   Discuss the advantages, disadvantages of formal and informal organisation.

Delegation: concept, elements and importance

·   Understand the concept of delegation.
·   Describe the elements of delegation.
·   Appreciate the importance of Delegation.

Decentralization: concept and importance

·   Understand the concept of decentralisation.
·   Explain the importance of decentralisation.
·   Differentiate between delegation and decentralisation.

Unit 6: Staffing 16 Periods

Concept and importance of staffing

After going through this unit, the student/

learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of staffing.
· Explain the importance of staffing

Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management concept

· Understand the specialized duties and activities performed by Human Resource Management

Staffing process

· Describe the steps in the process of staffing

Recruitment process

·   Understand the meaning of recruitment.
·   Discuss the sources of recruitment.
·   Explain the merits and demerits of internal and external sources of recruitment.

Selection- process

· Understand the meaning of selection.
· Describe the steps involved in the process of selection.

Training and Development- Concept and importance, Methods of training- on the job and off the job – vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training

·   Understand the concept of training and development.
·   Appreciate the importance of training to the organisation and to the employees.
·   Discuss the meaning of induction training, vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training.
·   Differentiate between training and development.
·   Discuss on the job and off the job methods of training.

Unit 7: Directing 18 Periods

Concept and importance

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Describe the concept of directing.
· Discuss the importance of directing

Elements of Directing

· Describe the four elements of directing

Supervision –concept, function of a supervisor

· Understand the concept of supervision.
· Discuss the functions performed by a supervisor.

Motivation-concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives

·   Understand the concept of motivation.
·   Develop an understanding of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.
·   Discuss the various financial and

non-financial incentives.

Leadership- concept, styles- authoritative, democratic and laissez faire

· Understand the concept of leadership.
· Understand the various styles of leadership.

Communication- concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers

·   Understand the concept of communication
·   Understand the elements of the communication process.
·   Discuss the concept of formal and informal communication.
·   Discuss the various barriers to effective communication.
·   Suggest measures to overcome barriers to communication.

Unit 8: Controlling 14 Periods

Concept and importance

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
· Understand the concept of controlling.
· Explain the importance of controlling.

Relationship between planning and controlling

· Describe the relationship between planning and controlling

Steps in process of control

· Discuss the steps in the process of controlling.

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing 120 Periods

Concept includes meaning and features

Unit 9: Financial Management 22 Periods

Concept, role and objectives of Financial Management

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
·   Understand the concept of financial management.
·   Explain the role of financial management in an organisation.
·   Discuss the objectives of financial management

Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend- Meaning and factors affecting

· Discuss the three financial decisions and the factors affecting them.

Financial Planning- concept and importance l

· Describe the concept of financial planning and its objectives.
· Explain the importance of financial planning.

Capital Structure- Concept

· Understand the concept of capital structure.
· Describe the factors determining the choice of an appropriate capital structure of a company.

Fixed and Working Capital- Concept and factors affecting their requirements

· Understand the concept of fixed and working capital.
· Describe the factors determining the requirements of fixed and working capital.

Unit 10: Financial Markets 20 Periods

Financial Markets: Concept, Functions and types

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
·   Understand the concept of financial market.
·   Explain the functions of financial market.
·   Understand capital market and money market as types of financial markets.

Money market and its instruments

· Understand the concept of money market.
· Describe the various money market instruments.

Capital market and its types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the primary market

·   Discuss the concept of capital market.
·   Explain primary and secondary markets as types of capital market.
·   Differentiate between capital market and money market.
·   Discuss the methods of floating new issues in the primary market.
·   Distinguish between primary and secondary markets.

Stock Exchange- Functions and trading procedure

·   Give the meaning of a stock exchange.
·   Explain the functions of a stock exchange.
·   Discuss the trading procedure in a stock exchange.
· Give the meaning of depository services and demat account as used in the trading procedure of securities.

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) – objectives and functions

· State the objectives of SEBI.
· Explain the functions of SEBI.

Unit 11: Marketing Management 32 Periods

Selling and Marketing- Concept

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
·   Understand the concept of selling, marketing.
·   Explain the features of marketing.
·   Distinguish between marketing and selling.

Marketing Management- Concept

· Describe the concept of marketing management.

Marketing Functions

· Discuss the functions of marketing.

Marketing management philosophies

· Explain marketing management philosophies.

Marketing Mix – Concept and elements

· Understand the concept of marketing mix.
· Describe the elements of marketing mix.

Product – branding, labelling and packaging – Concept

· Understand the concept of product as an element of marketing mix.
· Understand the concept of branding, labelling and packaging.

Price- Concept, Factors determining price

· Understand the concept of price as an element of marketing mix.
· Describe the factors determining price of a product.

Physical Distribution – concept and components, channels of distribution: types, choice of channels.

·   Understand the concept of physical distribution.
·   Explain the components of physical distribution.
·   Describe the various channels of distribution.
·   Discuss the factors determining the choice of channels of distribution.

Promotion – Concept and elements; advertising concept, role, objections against advertising, personal selling- concept and qualities of a good salesman, sales promotion- concept and techniques, public relations- concept and role

·   Understand the concept of promotion as an element of marketing mix.
·   Describe the elements of promotion mix.
·   Understand the concept of advertising.
·   Describe the role of advertising.
·   Examine the objections to advertising.
·   Understand the concept of personal selling.
·   Discuss the qualities of a good salesman.
·   Understand the concept of sales

promotion.
· Explain the commonly used techniques of sales promotion.
· Discuss the concept and role of public relations.

Unit 12: Consumer Protection 16 Periods

Concept and importance of consumer protection

After going through this unit, the student/ learner would be able to:
·   Understand the concept of consumer protection.
·   Describe the importance of consumer protection.
·   Discuss the scope of Consumer Protection Act, 1986

Consumer Protection Act 1986: Meaning of consumer
Rights and responsibilities of consumers Who can file a complaint against whom? Redressal machinery
Remedies available

·   Understand the concept of a consumer according to the Consumer protection Act 1986.
·   Explain the consumer rights
·   Understand the responsibilities of consumers
·   Understand who can file a complaint and against whom?
·   Discuss the legal redressal machinery under Consumer protection Act 1986.
·   Examine the remedies available to the consumer under Consumer protection Act 1986.

Consumer awareness- Role of consumer organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).

· Describe the role of consumer organizations and NGOs in protecting consumers’ interests.

Unit 13: Project Work 30 Periods

PROJECT WORK IN BUSINESS STUDIES FOR CLASS XI AND XII

Introduction

The course in Business Studies is introduced at Senior School level to provide students

with a sound understanding of the principles and practices bearing in business (trade and industry) as well as their relationship with the society. Business is a dynamic process that brings together technology, natural resources and human initiative in a constantly changing global environment. With the purpose to help them understand the framework within which a business operates, and its interaction with the social, economic, technological and legal environment, the CBSE has introduced Project Work in the Business Studies Syllabus for Classes XI and XII. The projects have been designed to allow students to appreciate that business is an integral component of society and help them develop an understanding of the social and ethical issues concerning them.

The project work also aims to empower the teacher to relate all the concepts with what is

happening around the world and the student’s surroundings, making them appear more clear and contextual. This will enable the student to enjoy studies and use his free time effectively in observing what’s happening around.

By means of Project Work the students are exposed to life beyond textbooks giving them

opportunities to refer materials, gather information, analyze it further to obtain relevant information and decide what matter to keep.

Objectives

After doing the Project Work in Business Studies, the students will be able to do the

following:

· develop a practical approach by using modern technologies in the field of business and management;

· get an opportunity for exposure to the operational environment in the field of business management and related services;

· inculcate important skills of team work, problem solving, time management, information collection, processing, analysing and synthesizing relevant information to derive meaningful conclusions

· get involved in the process of research work; l demonstrate his or her capabilities while working independently and

· make studies an enjoyable experience to cherish.

CBSE CLASS XI: GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS

This section provides some basic guidelines for the teachers to launch the projects in

Business Studies. It is very necessary to interact, support, guide, facilitate and encourage students while assigning projects to them.

The teachers must ensure that the project work assigned to the students whether

individually or in group are discussed at different stages right from assignment to drafts review and finalization. Students should be facilitated in terms of providing relevant

materials or suggesting websites, or obtaining required permissions from business

houses, malls etc for their project. The periods assigned to the Project Work should be suitably spaced throughout the academic session. The teachers MUST ensure that the students actually go through the rigors and enjoy the process of doing the project rather than depending on any readymade material available commercially.

The following steps might be followed:

1. Students must take any one topic during the academic session of Class XI.

2. The project may be done in a group or individually.

3. The topic should be assigned after discussion with the students in the class and should then be discussed at every stage of submission of the draft/final project work.

4. The teacher should play the role of a facilitator and should closely supervise the process of project completion.

5. The teachers must ensure that the student’s self esteem should go up, and he

/she should be able to enjoy this process.

6. The project work for each term should culminate in the form of Power Point Presentation/Exhibition/ Skit before the entire class. This will help in developing ICT and communication skills among them.

The teacher should help students to identify any one project from the given topics.

I. Project One: Field Visit

The objective of introducing this project among the students is to give a first hand

experience to them regarding the different types of business units operating in their surroundings, to observe their features and activities and relate them to the theoretical knowledge given in their text books. The students should select a place of field visit from the following: – (Add more as per local area availability.)

1. Visit to a Handicraft unit.

2. Visit to an Industry.

3. Visit to a Whole sale market (vegetables, fruits, flowers, grains, garments, etc.)

4. Visit to a Departmental store.

5. Visit to a Mall.

The following points should be kept in mind while preparing this visit.

1. Select a suitable day free from rush/crowd with lean business hours.

2. The teacher must visit the place first and check out on logistics. It’s better to seek permission from the concerned business- incharge.

3. Visit to be discussed with the students in advance. They should be encouraged to prepare a worksheet containing points of observation and reporting.

4. Students may carry their cameras (at their own risk) with prior permission for collecting evidence of their observations.

1. Visit to a Handicraft Unit

The purpose of visiting a Handicraft unit is to understand nature and scope of its

business, stake holders involved and other aspects as outlined below

a) The raw material and the processes used in the business: People /parties/firms from

which they obtain their raw material.

b) The market, the buyers, the middlemen, and the areas covered. c) The countries to which exports are made.

d) Mode of payment to workers, suppliers etc.

e) Working conditions.

f) Modernization of the process over a period of time.

g) Facilities, security and training for the staff and workers.

h) Subsidies available/ availed.

i) Any other aspect that the teachers deem fit.

2. Visit to an Industry.

The students are required to observe the following:

a) Nature of the business organisation.

b) Determinants for location of business unit.

c) Form of business enterprise: Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Undivided Hindu Family, Joint Stock Company (a Multinational Company).

d) Different stages of production/process

e) Auxiliaries involved in the process.

f) Workers employed, method of wage payment, training programmes and facilities available.

g) Social responsibilities discharged towards workers, investors, society, environment and government.

h) Levels of management.

i) Code of conduct for employers and employees.

j) Capital structure employed- borrowed v/s owned.

k) Quality control, recycling of defective goods.

l) Subsidies available/availed.

m) Safety Measures employed.

n) Working conditions for labour in observation of Labour Laws.

o) Storage of raw material and finished goods.

p) Transport management for employees, raw material and finished goods.

q) Functioning of various departments and coordination among them (Production, Human Resource, Finance and Marketing)

r) Waste Management.

s) Any other observation.

3. Visit to a whole sale market: vegetables/fruits/flowers/grains/garments etc.

The students are required to observe the following:

a) Sources of merchandise.

b) Local market practices.

c) Any linked up businesses like transporters, packagers, money lenders, agents, etc.

d) Nature of the goods dealt in.

e) Types of buyers and sellers.

f) Mode of the goods dispersed, minimum quantity sold, types of packaging employed.

g) Factors determining the price fluctuations.

h) Seasonal factors (if any) affecting the business.

i) Weekly/ monthly non-working days.

j) Strikes, if any- causes thereof.

k) Mode of payments.

l) Wastage and disposal of dead stock.

m) Nature of price fluctuations, reason thereof.

n) Warehousing facilities available\availed.

o) Any other aspect.

4. Visit to a Departmental store

The students are required to observe the following:

a) Different departments and their lay out.

b) Nature of products offered for sale.

c) Display of fresh arrivals.

d) Promotional campaigns.

e) Spaces and advertisements.

f) Assistance by Sales Personnel.

g) Billing counter at store – Cash, Credit Card/ Debit Card, swipe facility. Added attractions and facilities at the counter.

h) Additional facilities offered to customers

i) Any other relevant aspect.

5. Visit to a Mall.

The students are required to observe the following:

a) Number of floors, shops occupied and unoccupied.

b) Nature of shops, their ownership status

c) Nature of goods dealt in: local brands, international brands,

d) Service business shops- Spas, gym, saloons etc.

e) Rented spaces, owned spaces,

f) Different types of promotional schemes.

g) Most visited shops.

h) Special attractions of the Mall- Food court, Gaming zone or Cinema etc.

i) Innovative facilities.

j) Parking facilities. Teachers may add more to the list.

II. Project Two: Case Study on a Product

a) Take a product having seasonal growth and regular demand with which students

can relate. For example,

· Apples from Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir.

· Oranges from Nagpur,

· Mangoes from Maharashtra/U.P./Bihar/Andhra Pradesh etc.

· Strawberries from Panchgani,

· Aloe vera from Rajasthan,

· Walnuts/almonds from Kashmir,

· Jackfruit from South,

· Guavas from Allahabad,

· Pineapples from North East India,

· Tea from Assam,

· Orchids from Sikkim and Meghalaya,

· Pottery of Manipur,

· Fishes from coastal areas.

Students may develop a Case Study on the following lines:

(i) Research for change in price of the product. For example, apples in Himachal

Pradesh during plucking and non plucking season.

(ii) Effect on prices in the absence of effective transport system.

(iii) Effect on prices in the absence of suitable warehouse facilities.

(iv) Duties performed by the warehouses.

(v) Demand and supply situation of the product during harvesting season, prices near the place of origin and away.

Students may be motivated to find out the importance of producing and selling these products and their processed items along with the roles of Transport, Warehousing, Advertising, Banking, Insurance, Packaging, Wholesale selling, Retailing, Co-operative farming, Co-operative marketing etc.

The teacher may develop the points for other projects on similar lines for students to

work on.

The teacher may assign this project as ‘group’ project and may give different products to

different groups. It could conclude in the form of an exhibition.

III. Project Three: Aids to Trade

Taking any one AID TO TRADE, for example Insurance and gathering information on

following aspects

1. History of Insurance Lloyd’s contribution.

2. Development of regulatory Mechanism.

3. Insurance Companies in India

4. Principles of Insurance.

5. Types of Insurance. Importance of insurance to the businessmen.

6. Benefits of crop, orchards, animal and poultry insurance to the farmers.

7. Terminologies used (premium, face value, market value, maturity value, surrender value) and their meanings.

8. Anecdotes and interesting cases of insurance. Reference of films depicting people committing fraudulent acts with insurance companies.

9. Careers in Insurance.

Teachers to develop such aspects for other aids to trade.

IV. Project Four: Import /Export Procedure

Any one from the following

1. Import /Export procedure

The students should identify a product of their city/country which is imported /exported.

They are required to find the details of the actual import/export procedure. They may take help from the Chambers of Commerce, Banker, existing Importers/Exporters, etc.

They should find details of the procedure and link it with their Text knowledge.

The specimens of documents collected should be pasted in the Project file with brief

description of each. They may also visit railway godowns/dockyards/ transport agencies and may collect pictures of the same.

Presentation and submission of project report.

At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit his/her project

report.

Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission.

1. The total project will be in a file format, consisting of the recordings of the value of shares and the graphs.

2. The project will be handwritten.

3. The project will be presented in a neat folder.

4. The project report will be developed in the following sequence-

Cover page should project the title, student information, school and year. List of contents.

Acknowledgements and preface (acknowledging the institution, the news papers read, T.V. channels viewed, places visited and persons who have helped).

Introduction.

Topic with suitable heading.

Planning and activities done during the project, if any. Observations and findings while conducting the project. News paper clippings to reflect the changes of share prices.

Conclusions (summarised suggestions or findings, future scope of study). Appendix (if needed).

Teachers report.

Teachers will initial preface page.

At the completion of the evaluation of the project, it will be punched in the centre so that the report cannot be reused but is available for reference only.

The projects will be returned after evaluation. The school may keep the best projects.

V. Project Five: A visit to any State Emporium (other than your school state).

The purpose of this project is that it leads to –

Development of deeper understanding of the diversity of products in the states like

Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Chhatisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and other states of the country.

Sensitization and orientation of students about other states, their trade, business and commerce,

Understanding the cultural and socio-economic aspects of the state by the students,

Developing the understanding of role of folk art, artisanship and craftsmanship of the

state in its growth and economic development

Understanding the role of gifts of nature and natural produce in the development of trade, business and commerce

Understanding the role of vocational skills and abilities on the livelihood of artisans/ craftsman

Understanding of entrepreneurial skills and abilities of the artisans/craftsman Understanding of the unemployment problem of the state and role of art and craft of

the state in generating employment opportunities Value aspect –

Sense of gratitude – by appreciating the contributions made by others in the betterment of our lives

Appreciating the dignity of work

Sensitivity towards social, cultural, ethnical and religious differences Benefits of social harmony and peace

Understanding and appreciating the unity in diversity in India

Appreciating differences in race, skin colour, languages, religion, habits, festivals, clothing coexistence

Presentation and Submission of Project Report

At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit his/her project

report.

Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission.

1. Nature of the business organisation (emporium)

2. Determinants for location of the concerned emporium

3. Is the space rented or owned

4. Nature of the goods dealt in

5. Sources of merchandise of the emporium

6. Role of co-operative societies in the manufacturing and/or marketing of the merchandise

7. Role of gifts of nature or natural produce in the development of goods/merchandise

8. Types of buyers and sellers

9. Modes of goods dispersed, minimum quantity sold and type of carrying bag or package used for delivery of the products sold

10. Factors determining the pricing at the emporium

11. Comparison between the prices of goods available at the emporium with the prices in the open market. Also highlight probable causes of variations if any.

12. Kind of raw material available naturally, used in making the products

13. The technique used in making the products i.e., hand made or machine made

14. Has the child labour being used in making the products sold at the emporium

15. Are the products eco-friendly, in terms of manufacturing, disposal and packing

16. Seasonal factors if any affecting the business of the emporium

17. Weekly/ Monthly non-working days

18. Mode of billing and payments – Cash, Credit Card/ Debit Card, Swipe facility.

19. Does the emporium sell its merchandise in installment / deferred payment basis

20. Do they provide home delivery and after sales services.

21. Different types of promotional campaigns / schemes

22. Assistance by Sales Personnel

23. Export orientation of this emporium and procedure used

24. Policies related to damaged/ returned goods

25. Any government facility available to the emporium

26. Warehousing facilities available / availed

27. Impact of tourism on the business of emporium

28. Additional facility offered to customers

29. Any Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) assumed by the emporium

30. Contribution made by the emporium to its locality

ASSESSMENT

The marks will be allocated on the following heads.

Initiative, cooperativeness and participation

1 Mark

Creativity in presentation

1 Mark

Content, observation and research work

2 Marks

Analysis of situations

2 Marks

Viva

4 Marks

Total

10 Marks

CLASS XII : GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS

Students are supposed to select one unit out of four and are required to make only

ONE project from the selected unit. (Consist of one project of 20 marks)

1. Help students to select any ONE Topic for the entire year.

2. The topic should be assigned after discussion with the students in the class and should then be discussed at every stage of the submission of the project.

The teacher should play the role of a facilitator and should closely supervise the

process of project completion. The teachers must ensure that the project work assigned to the students whether individually or in group are discussed at different stages right from assignment to drafts review and finalization. Students should be facilitated in terms of providing relevant materials or suggesting websites, or obtaining required permissions from business houses, malls etc for their project. The periods assigned to the Project Work should be suitably spaced throughout the academic session. The teachers MUST ensure that the student actually go through the rigors and enjoy the process of doing the project rather than depending on any readymade material available outside.

3. The students must make a presentation of the project before the class.

4. The teachers must ensure that the student’s self-esteem and creativity is enhanced and both the teacher and the student enjoy this process.

5. The teachers should feel pride in the fact that they have explored the different dimensions of the project in an innovative way and their students have put in genuine work.

I. Project One: Elements of Business Environment

The teachers should help the students in selecting any one element of the following:

1. Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging and its economic

impact. The teacher may guide the students to identify the following changes:

a) The changes in transportation of fruits and vegetables such as cardboard crates being

used in place of wooden crates, etc. Reasons for above changes.

b) Milk being supplied in glass bottles, later in plastic bags and now in tetra-pack and through vending machines.

c) Plastic furniture [doors and stools] gaining preference over wooden furniture.

d) The origin of cardboard and the various stages of changes and growth.

e) Brown paper bags packing to recycled paper bags to plastic bags and cloth bags.

f) Re use of packaging [bottles, jars and tins] to attract customers for their products.

g) The concept of pyramid packaging for milk.

h) Cost being borne by the consumer/manufacturer.

i) Packaging used as means of advertisements.

2. The reasons behind changes in the following:

Coca – Cola and Fanta in the seventies to Thums up and Campa Cola in the eighties to Pepsi and Coke in nineties.

The teacher may guide the students to the times when India sold Coca Cola and Fanta which were being manufactured in India by the foreign companies.

The students may be asked to enquire about

a) Reasons of stopping the manufacturing of the above mentioned drinks in India THEN.

b) The introduction of Thums up and Campa cola range.

c) Re entry of Coke and introduction of Pepsi in the Indian market.

d) Factors responsible for the change.

e) Other linkages with the above.

f) Leading brands and the company having the highest market share.

g) Different local brands venturing in the Indian market.

h) The rating of the above brands in the market.

i) The survival and reasons of failure in competition with the international brands.

j) Other observations made by the students

The teacher may develop the following on the above lines

3. Changing role of the women in the past 25 years relating to joint families, nuclear

families, women as a bread earner of the family, changes in the requirement trend of mixers, washing machines, micro wave and standard of living.

4. The changes in the pattern of import and export of different Products.

5. The trend in the changing interest rates and their effect on savings.

6. A study on child labour laws, its implementation and consequences.

7. The state of ‘anti plastic campaign,’ the law, its effects and implementation.

8. The laws of mining /setting up of industries, rules and regulations, licences required for running that business.

9. Social factors affecting acceptance and rejection of an identified product. (Dish washer, Atta maker, etc)

10. What has the effect of change in environment on the types of goods and services? The students can take examples like:

a) Washing machines, micro waves, mixers and grinder.

b) Need for crèche, day care centre for young and old.

c) Ready to eat food, eating food outside, and tiffin centres.

11. Change in the man-machine ratio with technological advances resulting in change of cost structure.

12. Effect of changes in technological environment on the behaviour of employee.

II. Project Two: Principles of Management

The students are required to visit any one of the following:

1. A departmental store.

2. An Industrial unit.

3. A fast food outlet.

4. Any other organisation approved by the teacher.

They are required to observe the application of the general Principles of management advocated by Fayol.

Fayol’s principles

1. Division of work.

2. Unity of command.

3. Unity of direction.

4. Scalar chain

5. Espirit de corps

6. Fair remuneration to all.

7. Order.

8. Equity.

9. Discipline

10. Subordination of individual interest to general interest.

11. Initiative.

12. Centralisation and decentralisation.

13. Stability of tenure.

They may enquire into the application of scientific management techniques by F.W.

Taylor in the unit visited.

Scientific techniques of management.

1. Functional foremanship.

2. Standardisation and simplification of work.

3. Method study.

4. Motion Study.

5. Time Study.

6. Fatigue Study

7. Differential piece rate plan.

Tips to teacher

(i) The teacher may organize this visit.

(ii) The teacher should facilitate the students to identify any unit of their choice and guide them to identify the principles that are being followed.

(iii) Similarly they should guide the students to identify the techniques of scientific management implemented in the organisation.

(iv) It may be done as a group activity.

(v) The observations could be on the basis of

The different stages of division of work resulting to specialisation.

Following instructions and accountability of subordinates to higher authorities. Visibility of order and equity in the unit.

Balance of authority and responsibility.

Communication levels and pattern in the organisation.

Methods and techniques followed by the organisation for unity of direction and coordination amongst all.

Methods of wage payments followed.The arrangements of fatigue study. Derivation of time study.

Derivation and advantages of method study. Organisational chart of functional foremanship.

Any other identified in the organisation

vi. It is advised that students should be motivated to pick up different areas of visit. As presentations of different areas in the class would help in better understanding to the other students.

vii. The students may be encouraged to develop worksheets. Teachers should help students to prepare observation tools to be used for undertaking the project.

Examples; worksheets, questionnaire, interviews and organisational chart etc.

III. Project Three: Stock Exchange

The purpose of this project is to teach school students the values of investing and utilising the stock market. This project also teaches important lessons about the economy, mathematics and financial responsibility.

The basis of this project is to learn about the stock market while investing a specified

amount of fake money in certain stocks. Students then study the results and buy and sell as they see fit.

This project will also guide the students and provide them with the supplies necessary to

successfully monitor stock market trends and will teach students how to calculate profit and loss on stock.

The project work will enable the students to:

understand the topics like sources of business finance and capital market understand the concepts used in stock exchange

inculcate the habit of watching business channels, reading business journals/newspapers and seeking information from their elders.

The students are expected to:

a) Develop a brief report on History of Stock Exchanges in India. (your country)

b) Prepare a list of at least 25 companies listed on a Stock Exchange.

c) To make an imaginary portfolio totalling a sum of Rs. 50,000 equally in any of the 5 companies of their choice listed above over a period of twenty working days.

The students may be required to report the prices of the stocks on daily basis and

present it diagrammatically on the graph paper.

They will understand the weekly holidays and the holidays under the Negotiable Instruments Act.

They will also come across with terms like closing prices, opening prices, etc.

During this period of recording students are supposed to distinctively record the daily and starting and closing prices of the week other days under the negotiable instrument act so that they acquire knowledge about closing and opening prices.

The students may conclude by identifying the causes in the fluctuations of

prices. Normally it would be related to the front page news of the a business journal, for example,

Change of seasons. Festivals.

Spread of epidemic. Strikes and accidents

Natural and human disasters. Political environment.

Lack of faith in the government policies.

Impact of changes in government policies for specific industry. International events.

Contract and treaties at the international scene. Relations with the neighbouring countries.

Crisis in developed countries, etc.

The students are expected to find the value of their investments and accordingly

rearrange their portfolio. The project work should cover the following aspects;

1. Graphical presentation of the share prices of different companies on different dates.

2. Change in market value of shares due to change of seasons, festivals, natural and human disasters.

3. Change in market value of shares due to change in political environment/ policies of various countries/crisis in developed countries or any other reasons

4. Identify the top ten companies out of the 25 selected on the basis of their market value of shares.

It does not matter if they have made profits or losses.

IV. Project Four: Marketing

1. Adhesives

2. Air conditioners

3. Baby diapers

4. Bathing Soap

5. Bathroom cleaner

6. Bike

7. Blanket

8. Body Spray

9. Bread

10. Breakfast cereal

11. Butter

12. Camera

13. Car

14. Cheese spreads

15. Chocolate

16. Coffee

17. Cosmetology product

18. Crayons

19. Crockery

20. Cutlery

21. Cycle

22. DTH

23. Eraser

24. e-wash

25. Fairness cream

26. Fans

27. Fruit candy

28. Furniture

29. Hair Dye

30. Hair Oil

31. Infant dress

32. Inverter

33. Jams

34. Jeans

35. Jewellery

36. Kurti

37. Ladies bag

38. Ladies footwear

39. Learning Toys

40. Lipstick

41. Microwave oven

42. Mixers

43. Mobile

44. Moisturizer

45. Music player

46. Nail polish

47. Newspaper

48. Noodles

49. Pen

50. Pen drive

51. Pencil

52. Pickles

53. Razor

54. Ready Soups

55. Refrigerator

56. RO system

57. Roasted snacks

58. Salt

59. Sarees

60. Sauces/ Ketchup

61. Shampoo

62. Shaving cream

63. Shoe polish

64. Shoes

65. Squashes

66. Suitcase/ airbag

67. Sunglasses

68. Tea

69. Tiffin Wallah

70. Toothpaste

71. Wallet

72. Washing detergent

73. Washing machine

74. Washing powder

75. Water bottle

76. Water storage tank

77. Wipes

Any more as suggested by the teacher.

The teacher must ensure that the identified product should not be items whose

consumption/use is discouraged by the society and government like alcohol products/pan masala and tobacco products, etc.

Identify one product/service from the above which the students may like to

manufacture/provide [pre-assumption].

Now the students are required to make a project on the identified product/service

keeping in mind the following:

1. Why have they selected this product/service?

2. Find out ‘5’ competitive brands that exist in the market.

3. What permission and licences would be required to make the product?

4. What are your competitors Unique Selling Proposition.[U.S.P.]?

5. Does your product have any range give details?

6. What is the name of your product?

7. Enlist its features.

8. Draw the ‘Label’ of your product.

9. Draw a logo for your product.

10. Draft a tag line.

11. What is the selling price of your competitor’s product?

(i) Selling price to consumer

(ii) Selling price to retailer

(iii) Selling price to wholesaler

What is the profit margin in percentage to the

Manufacturer. Wholesaler. Retailer.

12. How will your product be packaged?

13. Which channel of distribution are you going to use? Give reasons for selection?

14. Decisions related to warehousing, state reasons.

15. What is going to be your selling price?

(i) To consumer

(ii) To retailer

(iii) To wholesaler

16. List 5 ways of promoting your product.

17. Any schemes for

(i) The wholesaler

(ii) The retailer

(iii) The consumer

18. What is going to be your ‘U.S.P?

19. What means of transport you will use and why?

20. Draft a social message for your label.

21. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your product.

22. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your promotion plan.

At this stage the students will realise the importance of the concept of marketing mix and the necessary decision regarding the four P’s of marketing.

Product Place Price Promotion

On the basis of the work done by the students the project report should include the

following:

1. Type of product /service identified and the (consumer/industries) process involve there in.

2. Brand name and the product.

3. Range of the product.

4. Identification mark or logo.

5. Tagline.

6. Labeling and packaging.

7. Price of the product and basis of price fixation.

8. Selected channels of distribution and reasons thereof.

9. Decisions related to transportation and warehousing. State reasons.

10. Promotional techniques used and starting reasons for deciding the particular technique.

11. Grading and standardization.

Presentation and Submission of Project Report

At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit his/her project report.

Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission.

1. The total length of the project will be of 25 to 30 pages.

2. The project should be handwritten.

3. The project should be presented in a neat folder.

4. The project report should be developed in the following sequence-

Cover page should include the title of the Project, student information, school and year.

List of contents.

Acknowledgements and preface (acknowledging the institution, the places visited and the persons who have helped).

Introduction.

Topic with suitable heading.

Planning and activities done during the project, if any. Observations and findings of the visit.

Conclusions (summarized suggestions or findings, future scope of study). Photographs (if any).

Appendix

Teacher’s observation. Signatures of the teachers.

At the completion of the evaluation of the project, it should be punched in the centre so that the report may not be reused but is available for reference only.

The project will be returned after evaluation. The school may keep the best projects.

Allocation of Marks = 20 Marks

ASSESSMENT

The marks will be allocated under the following heads:

Initiative, cooperativeness and participation

2 Mark

Creativity in presentation

2 Mark

Content, observation and research work

4 Marks

Analysis of situations

4 Marks

Viva

8 Marks

Total

20 Marks

BUSINESS STUDIES

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN YEAR 2018-19
Code No. 054

CLASS XII

Time: 3 hrs

Max. Marks – 80

S N

Typology of Questions

Learning Outcomes
& Testing Skills

Very Short Answer (VSA) (1
Mark)

Short Answ er -I (SA-I) (3
Mark s)

Short Answer -II (SA-II) (4
Marks)

Long Answer (LA) (5 Marks)

Essay Type (6 Marks )

Total Marks

%
Wei ghta ge

Remembering- (Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories; Identify, define, or recite, information)

·      Reasonin g
·      Analytica l Skills
·      Critical Skills

–

17%

Understanding- (Comprehension –to be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase, or interpret information)

–

23%

Application- (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations; Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

25%

–

24%

Evaluation- (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

11%

TOTAL – 1 project

8×1=8

5×3=

6×4= 24

3×5= 15

3×6= 18

80(25)

100

(20 Marks)

project

(20)

Estimated Time (in minutes)

8 min

27
min

30 min

40 min

60 min

165 min+15 min for revision

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Biotechnology 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Biotechnology 2018-19

10. BIOTECHNOLOGY (Code No. 045) CBSE

An unprecedented growth of human knowledge in the field of Biological Sciences coupled with equally

significant developments in the field of technology have brought significant changes into existing social and economic systems. The emerging field of Biotechnology is likely to further enhance the applications of Science and Technology in the service of human welfare. Modern Biotechnology processes encompass a wide range of new products such as antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and many more. Furthermore, developments in recombinant DNA technology have yielded numerous new useful products in the fields of healthcare and agriculture. The present syllabus takes care of all these aspects. Due emphasis has been laid on familiarizing the learners with the fundamental concepts, basic techniques and their applications. It is expected that the knowledge gained through the study of different topics and the skills acquired through the prescribed practical work will make the learners competent to meet the challenges of academic as well as professional courses after studying the subject at senior secondary stage.

Objectives

The broad objectives of teaching Biotechnology at senior secondary level are:

To help the learners know and understand basic facts and concepts of the subject at elementary stage.

To expose the students to different basic processes and basic techniques used in Biotechnology. To familiarize the learners to understand the relationship of the subject to health, nutrition,

environment, agriculture and industry, etc.

To develop conceptual competence in the learners so as to cope up with professional courses in future career.

To acquaint students with different applications of Biotechnology in everyday life.

To develop an interest in students to study biotechnology as a discipline.

CBSE COURSE STRUCTURE

CLASS – XI (2018-19)

One Paper Time: 3 hrs.

Max. Marks 70+30

Units

No. of Periods

Marks

Unit- I

Biotechnology: An overview

Unit-II

Molecules of Life

Unit-III

Genetics and Molecular Biology

Unit-IV

Cells and Organisms

Practicals

Total

240

100

CBSE CLASS XI

(Theory)

One Paper Time: 3 hrs.

Total Marks :70 180 Periods

Unit-I Biotechnology: An overview 5 Marks 20 Periods

Chapter 1: Biotechnology: An Overview

Historical Perspectives, Technology and Applications of Biotechnology, Global market and Biotech Products, Public Perception of Biotechnology, Biotechnology in India and Global Trends

Unit-II Molecules of Life 20 Marks 50 Periods

Chapter 1: Biomolecules: Building Blocks

Building Blocks of Carbohydrates – Sugars and Their Derivatives, Building Blocks of Proteins – Amino Acids, Building Blocks of Lipids – Simple Fatty Acids, Sphingosine,

Glycerol and Cholesterol, Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids – Nucleotides, Biochemical Transformations

Chapter 2: Macromolecules: Structure & Function

Carbohydrates – The Energy Givers, Proteins – The Performers, Enzymes – The Catalysts, Lipids and Biomembranes – The Barriers, Nucleic Acids – The Managers

Unit-III Genetics and Molecular Biology 20 Marks 50 Periods

Chapter 1: Concepts of Genetics

Historical Perspective, Multiple Alleles, Linkage and Crossing Over, Genetic Mapping, Gene Interaction,

Sex-Linked Inheritance, Extranuclear Inheritance, Quantitative Inheritance, Genes at the Population Level

Chapter 2: Genes and Genomes: Structure and Function Discovery of DNA as Genetic Material, DNA

Replication, Fine Structure of the Genes, From Gene to Protein, Transcription – The Basic Process,

Genetic Code, Translation, Regulation of Gene Expression, Mutations, DNA Repair, Human Genetic Disorders, Genome Organization

Unit IV: Cells and Organisms 25 Marks 60 Periods

Chapter 1 The Basic Unit of Life

Cell Structure and Components, Tissues and Organs, Stem Cells, Biodiversity, Organization of Life

Chapter 2: Cell Growth and Development

Cell Division, Cell Cycle, Cell Communication, Nutrition, Gaseous Exchange, Internal Transport, Maintaining the Internal Environment, Reproduction, In Vitro Fertilization, Animal and Plant

Development, Immune Response in Animals, Programmed Cell Death, Defense Mechanisms in Plants

CBSE PRACTICALS 60 Periods

Note: Every student is required to do the following experiments during the academic session.

1. Recording practical results and safety rules in the laboratory

2. Preparation of buffers and pH determination

3. Sterilization techniques

4. Preparation of bacterial growth medium

5. Determination of bacterial growth curve

6. Cell counting

7. Isolation of milk protein (Casein)

8. Estimation of whey protein by biuret method

9. Assaying the enzyme acid phosphate

10. Estimation of blood glucose by enzymatic and glucometer method (GOD/POD)

11. Study of various stages of mitosis and calculation of mitotic index

12. Preparation of karyotype

Scheme of Evaluation

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks 30

The scheme of evaluation at the end of session will be as under:

Two experiments : 20 Marks Viva on experiments : 5 Marks

Practical record : 5 Marks

CLASS XII (2018-19)

(THEORY) COURSE STRUCTURE

One Paper Max. Marks 70+30

Time: 3 hrs.

Units

No. of Periods

Marks

Unit V

Protein and Gene Manipulation

100

Unit VI

Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation

Practicals

Total

240

100

One paper Time: 3 hrs.

Total Marks : 70 180 Periods

Unit-V Protein and Gene Manipulation 40 Marks 100 Periods

Chapter-1: Recombinant DNA Technology

Introduction, Tool of rDNA technology, Making rDNA, Introduction of recombinant DNA into host cells, Identification of Recombinants, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Hybridization Techniques, DNA Library, DNA Sequencing, Site-directed Mutagenesis

Chapter-2: Protein Structure and Engineering

Introduction to the world of proteins, 3-D shape of proteins, Structure-Function Relationship in Proteins, Purification of Proteins, Characterization of Proteins, Protein Based Products, Designing Proteins (Protein Engineering)

Chapter-3: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Introduction, Genome, Sequencing Projects, Gene prediction and counting, Genome Similarity, SNPs and Comparative Genomics, Functional Genomics, Proteomics, History of Bioinformatics, Sequences

and nomenclature, Information Sources, Analysis using Bioinformatics tools

Unit-VI Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation 30 Marks 80 Periods

Chapter-1: Microbial Cell Culture and its Applications

Introduction, Microbial Nutrition and Culture Techniques, Measurement and Kinetics of Microbial Growth, Scale-up of Microbial Process, Isolation of Microbial Products, Strain Isolation and Improvement, Applications of Microbial Culture Technology, Biosafety Issues in Microbial Technology Chapter -2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction, Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques, Applications of Cell and Tissue Culture, Gene Transfer Methods in Plants, Transgenic Plants with Beneficial Traits, Biosafety of Transgenic Plants

Chapter-3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction, Animal Cell Culture Techniques, Characterization of Cell lines, Methods of Gene Delivery

into Cells, Scale-up of Animal Culture Process, Applications of Animal Cell Culture, Stem Cell Technology, Tissue Engineering

PRACTICALS 30 Marks 60 Periods

Note: Every student will be required to do the following experiments during the academic session.

1. Use of special equipment in biotechnology experiments

2. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA

3. Detection of DNA by gel electrophoreses

4. Isolation of Genomic DNA (CTAB method)

5. Estimation of DNA

6. Bacterial transformation using any plasmid

7. Restriction digestion of plasmid DNA & its analysis by gel electrophoresis

8. Isolation of bacteria from curd & staining of bacteria

9. Cell viability assay

10. Data retrieval and data base search using internet site NCBI and download a DNA and protein sequence from internet, analyze it and comment on it

11. Reading of a DNA sequencing gel to arrive at the sequence

12. Project work

Scheme of Evaluation :

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks 30

The scheme of evaluation at the end of the session will be as under:

Two experiments

6+6 (only one computer based practical)

Practical record

Viva on Practicals

Project work

Write up

Viva on project

Total

CBSE Prescribed Books:

1. A Text Book of Biotechnology – Class XI : Published by CBSE, New Delhi

2. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology – Class XI : Published by CBSE, New Delhi

3. A Text Book of Biotechnology – Class XII : Published by CBSE, New Delhi

4. A Laboratory Manual of Biotechnology – Class XII : Published by CBSE, New Delhi

BIO TECHNOLOGY (CODE – 045)

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS –XI & XII (2018–19)

Time 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

S.
No.

Typology of Questions

Very Short Answer (VSA)
(1 mark)

Short Answer-I (SA-I)
(2 marks)

Short Answer-II (SA-II)
(3 marks)

Long Answer (L.A.)
(5 marks)

Total Marks

%
Weightage

Knowledge Based

22%

Conceptual Understanding (Application and Reasoning based)

57%

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

—

07%

Skill Based

—

14%

Total

100%

Total No. of questions = 28

1. No chapter wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters.

2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of

questions same.

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Biology 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Biology 2018-19

BIOLOGY (Code No. 044) CBSE

The present syllabus provides the students with new concepts along with an extended exposure to

contemporary areas of the subject. The syllabus also aims at emphasizing on the underlying principles that are common to both animals and plants as well as highlighting the relationship of Biology with other areas of knowledge. The format of the syllabus allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts. It relates the study of biology to real life through the use of technology. It links the discoveries and innovations in biology to everyday life such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The updated syllabus also focuses on reducing the curriculum load while ensuring that ample opportunities and scope for learning and appreciating basic concepts of the subject continue to be available within its framework. The prescribed syllabus is expected to:

promote understanding of basic principles of Biology;

encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society;

promote rational/scientific attitude towards issues related to population, environment and development;

enhance awareness about environmental issues, problems and their appropriate solutions;

create awareness amongst the learners about diversity in the living organisms and developing respect for other living beings;

appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena are built on essentially simple processes;

It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the syllabus in a

more contextual and friendly manner as they study its various units.

BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)

CBSE COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS XI (2018-19) (THEORY)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

Unit

Title

No. of Periods

Marks

Diversity of Living Organisms

Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals

III

Cell: Structure and Function

Plant Physiology

Human Physiology

Total

160

Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms 23 Periods

Chapter-1: The Living World

What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-

museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.

Chapter-2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom

Salient features and classification of plants into major groups – Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,

Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms – classification upto class, characteristic features and examples.

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category).

(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

Unit-II Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants 22 Periods

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology and modifications: Internal Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem,

leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant experiment of the Practical Syllabus).

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of different tissues.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function 35 Periods

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles – structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function);

nucleus.

Chapter-9: Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology 40 Periods

Chapter-11: Transport in Plants

Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients – Transport

of food, phloem transport, massflow hypothesis.

Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition

Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen

cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.

Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways;

factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron

transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Chapter-15: Plant – Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth

regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.

Unit-V Human Physiology 40 Periods

Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption

Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM, indigestion,

constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.

Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration – asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system – hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Modes of excretion – ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function – renin – angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders – uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement – ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system – myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.

Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans – central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs; elementary structure and functions of eye and ear

Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system – hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease.

Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.

PRACTICALS

Time Allowed: Three hours Max. Marks: 30

Evaluation Scheme

One Major Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 1,3,7,8)

5 Marks

One Minor Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 6,9,10,11,12,13)

4 Marks

Slide Preparation Part A (Experiment No- 2,4,5)

5 Marks

Spotting Part B

7 Marks

Practical Record+Viva Voce

4 Marks

Project Record + Viva Voce

5 Marks

Total

30Marks

A: List of Experiments 60 Periods

1. Study and description of three locally available common flowering plants, one from each of the

families Solanaceae, Fabacceae and Liliaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case of particular geographical location) including dissection and display of floral whorls, anther and ovary to show number of chambers (floral formulae and floral diagrams). Types of root (Tap and adventitious); stem (herbaceous and woody); leaf (arrangement, shape, venation, simple and compound).

2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).

3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.

4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo leaves).

5. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.

6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.

7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats. Detection in suitable plant and animal materials.

8. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.

9. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.

10. Test for presence of urea in urine.

11. Test for presence of sugar in urine.

12. Test for presence of albumin in urine.

13. Test for presence of bile salts in urine.

B. Study/observation of the following (spotting)

1. Study of the parts of a compound microscope.

2. Study of the specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons – Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant and one lichen.

3. Study of virtual specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons – Amoeba, Hydra, liverfluke, Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard, pigeon and rabbit.

4. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant and animal cells (palisade cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous epithelium, muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides.

5. Study of mitosis in onion root tip cells and animals cells (grasshopper) from permanent slides.

6. Study of different modifications in roots, stems and leaves.

7. Study and identification of different types of inflorescence (cymose and racemose).

8. Study of imbibition in seeds/raisins.

9. Observation and comments on the experimental set up for showing:

a) Anaerobic respiration

b) Phototropism

c) Effect of apical bud removal

d) Suction due to transpiration

10. Study of human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of virtual images/models only.

11. Study of external morphology of cockroach through virtual images/models.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students

Class XI

Note: The ‘Evaluation schemes’ and ‘General Guidelines’ for visually impaired students as given for Class XII may be followed.

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus / equipments / animal and plant material / chemicals etc. for assessment in practicals(All experiments)

Plants of –

Solanaceae- Brinjal, Petunia, any other Fabaceae- Rice, Wheat, any other Liliaceae- Any of the Lilies

A compound microscope, seeds of monocot and dicot- maize and gram or any other Model of Human skeleton to show –

Ball and socket joints of girdles and limbs Rib cage

Test tube, honey comb, Mollusc shell, Models of Pigeon and Star fish, mushroom, petridish, succulents

such as Aloe vera/kalenchoe, raisins, beaker, potatoes, scalpel, chromatography paper, chromatography chamber, alcohol, specimen/model of cockroach.

B. List of Practicals

1. Study three locally available common flowering plants of the families – Solanaceae, fabaceae, Liliaceae and identify:

Types of roots as Tap and Adventitious Types of stems as Herbaceous or Woody Types of leaves as Compound or Simple

2. Study the parts of a compound microscope- eye piece and objective lense, mirror, stage, coarse and fine adjustment knobs.

3. Differentiate between monocot and dicot plants on the basis of venation patterns.

4. Study the following parts of human skeleton (Model): Ball and socket joints of thigh and shoulder

Rib cage

5. Study honey bee through comb, snail through shell, Starfish through model, Pigeon through model.

6. Identify the given specimen of a fungus – Mushroom.

7. Study the adaptive features of xerophytic plants.

8. Study the process of osmosis through endosmosis in raisins.

9. Identify and relate the given experimental set up with aim of experiment:

Paper Chromatography or

Potato Osmometer

10. Study the external features/morphology of cockroach through model.

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations.

Prescribed Books:

1. Biology Class-XI, Published by NCERT

2. Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also)

BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN Class – XI (2018-19)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

S.No

Typology of Questions

Very Short Answer (VSA)
(1 mark)

Short Answer-I (SA-I)
(2 marks)

Short Answer-II (SA-II)
(3 marks)

Long Answer (LA)
(5 marks)

Total Marks

%
Weightage

Remembering- (Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories, Identify, define,
or recite, information)

–

10%

Understanding- (Comprehension -To be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase information)

–

30%

Application (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations, Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

–

30%

High Order Thinking Skills (Analysis & Synthesis- Classify, Compare, Contrast, or differentiate between different pieces of information, Organize and/or integrate unique
pieces of information from a variety of sources)

17%

Evaluation- (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

13%

TOTAL

5×1=5

7×2=14

12×3=36

3×5=15

70(27)

100%

CBSE QUESTION WISE BREAK UP

Type of Question

Mark(s) per Question

Total No. of Questions

Total Marks

VSA

SA-I

SA-II

Total

1. Internal Choice: There is no overall choice in the paper. However, there is an internal choice in

one question of 2 marks weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all three questions of 5 marks weightage.

2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating

similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same.

CLASS XII (2018-19)

(THEORY)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

Unit

Title

No. of Periods

Marks

Reproduction

VII

Genetics and Evolution

VIII

Biology and Human Welfare

Biotechnology and its Applications

Ecology and Environment

Total

160

Unit-VI Reproduction 30 periods

Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms

Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction

– asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction – binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination – types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control – need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution 40 Periods

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-

dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance – haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans – thalassemia;

chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation – lac operon; genome and human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter-7: Evolution

Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution – variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare 30 Periods

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

Unit-IX Biotechnology and Its Applications 30 Periods

Chapter-11: Biotechnology – Principles and processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents.

Unit-X Ecology and Environment 30 Periods

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations

Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population

interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Chapter-14: Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services – carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Chapter-16: Environmental Issues

Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change impact and mitigation; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s).

CBSE PRACTICALS

Time allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 30

Evaluation Scheme

One Major Experiment

5 Marks

One Minor Experiment

4 Marks

Slide Preparation

5 Marks

Spotting

7 Marks

Practical Record+Viva Voce

4 Marks

Project Record + Viva Voce

5 Marks

Total

30Marks

A. List of Experiments 60 Periods

1. Study pollen germination on a slide.

2. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.

3. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.

4. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites.

5. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.

6. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.

7. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.

8. Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

9. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

B. Study/observation of the following (Spotting)

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).

2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide.

3. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).

4. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.

5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).

6. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.

7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow’s peak and colour blindness.

8. Controlled pollination – emasculation, tagging and bagging.

9. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus causing ringworm through permanent slides or specimens. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.

10. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

11. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of Classes XI and XII

Evaluation Scheme

Time Allowed: Two hours Max. Marks: 30

Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus

5 marks

Written test (Based on given / prescribed practicals)

10 marks

Practical Records

5 marks

Viva

10 marks

Total

30 marks

General Guidelines

The practical examination will be of two hour duration. A separate list of ten experiments is included here.

The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the time of practical examination of all other students.

The written test will be of 30 minutes duration.

The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain a total of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would be required to answer any 10 questions.

A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.

All questions included in the question paper should be related to the listed practicals. Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.

These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected to record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for each subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal examiner.

The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim, apparatus required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions etc.

Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used for assessment.

The viva questions may include questions based on basic theory / principle / concept, apparatus / materials / chemicals required, procedure, precautions, sources of error etc.

Class XII

A. Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus for assessment in practicals (All experiments)

Beaker, flask, petridishes, soil from different sites- sandy, clayey, loamy, small potted plants, aluminium foil, paint brush, test tubes, starch solution, iodine, ice cubes, Bunsen burner/water bath, large colourful flowers, Maize inflorescence, model of developmental stages highlighting morula and blastula of frog, beads of different shapes (cubes, round) /size, smooth and rough, tags of different shapes, bags, Ascaris, Cacti (Opuntia).

B. List of Practicals

1. Study of the soil obtained from at least two different sites for their texture and water holding capacity.

2. Study of presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites.

3. Study of the effect of different temperatures on the activity of salivary amylase.

4. Study of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects).

5. Identification of T.S of morula or blastula of frog.

6. Study of Mendelian inheritance pattern using beads of different colour/sizes.

7. Prepararation of pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, colour blindness.

8. Study of emasculation, tagging and bagging by trying out an exercise on controlled pollination.

9. Identify common disease causing organisms like Ascaris and learn some common symptoms of the

disease that they cause.

10. Comment upon the morphological adaptations of plants found in xerophytic conditions.

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations.

Prescribed Books:

1. Biology, Class-XII, Published by NCERT

2. Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also)

BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN Class – XII (2018-19)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

S.No

Typology of Questions

Very Short Answer (VSA)
(1 mark)

Short Answer-I (SA-I)
(2 marks)

Short Answer-II (SA-II)
(3 marks)

Long Answer (LA)
(5 marks)

Total Marks

%
Weightage

Remembering- (Knowledge based Simple recall questions,
to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories, Identify, define,
or recite, information)

–

10%

Understanding- (Comprehension -To be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase information)

–

30%

Application (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations, Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example,
or solve a problem)

–

30%

17%

Evaluation- (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

13%

TOTAL

5×1=5

7×2=14

12×3=36

3×5=15

70(27)

100%

QUESTION WISE BREAK UP

Type of Question

Mark(s) per Question

Total No. of Questions

Total Marks

VSA

SA-I

SA-II

Total

1. Internal Choice: There is no overall choice in the paper. However, there is an internal choice in

one question of 2 marks weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all three questions of 5 marks weightage.

2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of

questions same.

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Agriculture (only for class XII) 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Agriculture (only for class XII) 2018-19

13. AGRICULTURE (Code No. 068) CBSE

Agriculture has been the prime enterprise for the National Economy of this country for centuries

and that is why India is called Agrarian country. This sector also provides maximum employment to the people of this country. Agriculture is the production of food and fiber, ever since its advent. It has undergone several paradigm changes. The major landmark in Agriculture happened during 1960s when the country witnessed Green Revolution. Which boosted the crop production. Use of short duration crop varieties, fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural tools and expansion of area under irrigation were important interventions brought in Agriculture. Livestock is an integral part of Agriculture in India. Their by-products are used to build and maintain soil fertility along with plant protection. The animal products such as meat, milk and eggs are the source of nutrients in human diet as well.

Several emerging dimensions of contemporary Agriculture such as organic agriculture and animal

husbandry practices are now getting attention. Food processing, value addition and preservation have been the focus of policies formation in recent times which are helpful in minimizing the wastage in Agriculture. This is helping in better income realizing through marketin of value added products. The income from Agriculture can also be increased by associating in subsidiary enterprises such as mushroom production, bio-pesticides, bee-keeping, vermi-culture etc.

Objectives:

The board objectives of teaching Agriculture at Senior Secondary level are:

· To help the students to comprehended the facts and importance of Agriculture.

· To expose the students to crop production, animal husbandry, horticulture etc.

· To familiarize the students with waste management and physical environment in Agriculture

· To expose the students to find better income and avenue generating avenues of agriculture and its associated activities.

AGRICULTURE (Code No. 068)

CBSE CLASS XII (THEORY) 2018-19

One Theory Paper 70+30=100 Marks

Unit Wise Weightage Time: 3 hours

SECTION

Periods

Marks

Advanced Crop Production and Organic Farming
Unit – I Advanced Crop Production Unit – II Organic Farming

42
24

Post-Harvest Management , Food Processing and Value Addition
Unit III: Post-Harvest Management
Unit IV: Food Processing and Value Addition

12
52

III

Subsidairy Enterprises of Agriculture
Unit V: Subsidiary Enterprises in Agriculture

Practical

220

100

SECTION – I Total periods – 66

Unit- I: Advance Crop Production 42 Periods

· Food production including horticultural crops and its importance in the economy and

nutritional security.

· Soil fertility, productivity and concept of essential plant nutrients. Classification of essential plant nutrients.

· Roles and functions of essential plant nutrients, their important deficiency symptoms.

· Soil samplings and its processing. Introduction to soil pH and Organic Carbon.

· Introduction to manure, fertilizers, Bio-fertilizers, their methods of application. Concept of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM).

· Concept of soil moisture availability various irrigation methods. Concept of precision and pressure irrigation – Drip and sprinkler irrigation.

· Methods of insect pest and disease management – Chemical, Biological and Mechanical. Concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

Unit – II: Organic Farming 24 Periods

· Concept, history and importance of Organic farming.

· Present status and contribution in the National economy.

· Important food products grown organically. Important Government Schemes for the promotion of organic farming in our country. Kitchen gardening.

SECTION-II Total periods -64

Unit III: Post Harvest Management 12 Periods

· Post harvesting management of fruits, vegetables and flowers, cereals, pulses and

oilseeds.

Status of food processing in our country.

· Important Government schemes for food sector.

Unit IV: Food Processing and Value Addition 52 Periods

· Principles and methods of food processing and preservation. Benefits of food processing.

· Important value added products from fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses and oil seeds. Preparation of jam, jelly, ketchup, morabba, pickles, marmalade.

· Packaging, quality standards and their marketing including export.

· Flowers and their harvesting: important processed flower products, packaging, storage and their marketing.

· Concept of safe food and important food regulations.

SECTION-III Total Periods – 40

· Important subsidiary enterprises based on Agriculture including Horticulture and their

importance in the socio-economic status of an individual.

· Mushroom, their nutritional status and methods of production

· Beekeeping and its important usage and importance of Honey, Wax and Royal jelly.

· Landscaping, development and maintenance of lawns and avenue gardens.

· Preparation of Bio-pesticides (plant based), Organic manures (composts) and Vermicomposting.

· Setting up nurseries and marketing of plant sapling and important Govt. Schemes for the support of these enterprises.

AGRICULTURE (Code No. 068)

CBSE CLASS XII (PRACTICAL) 2018-19

One Practical Paper 30 Marks

Time: 3 Hours

Unit Wise Weightage (Periods 50)

Section

Periods

Marks

Advance Crop Production and Organic Farming

Post-Harvest Management, Food Processing and Value
Addition

III

Subsidiary Enterprises in Agriculture

Collection and Visit Report

Viva Voce

Total

SECTION: I

Unit I: Advance Crop Production and Organic Farming 22 Periods

(a) Soil sampling and determination of Soil pH.

(b) Determination of soil organic carbon content.

(d) Seed treatment with fungicides and Bio-fertilizers.

(e) Identification of different types of chemical fertilizers, composts, bio-fertilizers.

(f) Calculation of fertilizer requirement of crops (for wheat, rice and maize) based on their nutrient needs.

(g) Preparation of FYM and Compost.

(h) Uses of sprayers and dusters for pest control and nutrient spray.

(i) Determination of moisture content of crop seeds (wheat, rice, maize and mustard).

(j) To find out 100-grain weight of crop seeds (wheat, rice, maize and mustard).

(k) Visit to a crop field and compare healthy plant with a diseased and insect affected plant.

(l) Identification of different types of Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides.

SECTION: II

Unit II: Post-Harvest Management, Food Processing and Value Addition 14 Periods

(a) Visit to Bakery Unit, Local Chakki.

(b) Preparation of Jam, Jelly, ketchup and Morabba

(d) Preparation of pickles.

(e) Identification of fresh and aged vegetables and fruits.

(f) Visit to cold storage and record the storage of various fruits and vegetables.

(g) Harvesting and packaging of flowers.

(h) Preparation of flower arrangements such as garland and rangoli.

(i) Visit to a flower mandi and record the activities in the mandi.

(j) Visit to a local fruit market and record the activities in the market.

SECTION: III 14 Periods

Unit III: Subsidiary Enterprises in Agriculture

(a) Preparation of plant based bio-pesticides (neem)

(b) Visit to Mushroom production unit.

(d) Observe the characteristics of different bee products (honey and wax).

(e) Visit to a vermicomposting unit.

(f) Observe the characteristics of compost.

Notes:

1. The students have to prepare a report on the visits recording their observations on the

subject.

2. In case of practical of fruit and vegetable preservation and methods of production of value added products from fruits and vegetables, the student will have to write the procedure adopted and the necessary precautions to be taken in the answer sheet provided.

SECTION – IV

Report on the Visits

The student has to prepare a report of their visit to different organizations and submit to Subject

teacher for the evaluation. The report must contain the student’s original work and observations.

SECTION – V

CBSE Viva Voce

Students can be asked questions based on:

(i) Identification of objects.

(ii) Visit Report analysis.

(iii) Experiences in their field visits, etc.

A range of 5 to 10 questions can be asked depending on the response of the student. Evaluation

5×1=5 or should be based on number of questions answered. Evaluator should stick to the time and ½x10=5 number of questions.

AGRICULTURE (Theory) (Code No. 068)

CBSE DESIGN OF THE QUESTION PAPER CLASS – XI 2018-19, CLASS –XII 2018-19

Time: 3 hrs. Marks: 70

S.No

Typology of Questions

Learning Outcomes & Testing Skills

Very Short Answer- 1 Mark

Short Answer–I 2 Marks

Short Answer-2 3 Marks

Long Answer 5 marks

Marks

Remembering(Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories, Identify, define, or recite, information); Map skill based questions (Identification, location)

• Reasoning
• Analytical Skills

19%

Understanding- (Comprehension –to be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase information)

34%

Application (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations; Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

–

26%

High Order Thinking Skills (Analysis & Synthesis- Classify, compare, contrast, or differentiate between different pieces of information; Organize and/or integrate unique pieces of information from a variety of sources)

–

14%

Evaluation- (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

TOTAL

9X1=9

5X2=10

7X3=21

6X5=30

100%

Note: No Chapter wise weightage, care should be taken to cover all chapters.

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Accountancy 2018-19

March 26, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Senior School Certificate Examination (XI-XII) Accountancy 2018-19

19. ACCOUNTANCY (Code No. 055) CBSE

Rationale

The course in accountancy is introduced at plus two stage of senior second of school education, as the formal commerce education is provided after ten years of schooling. With the fast changing economic scenario, accounting as a source of financial information has carved out a place for itself at the senior secondary stage. Its syllabus content provide students a firm foundation in basic accounting concepts and methodology and also acquaint them with the changes taking place in the preparation and presentation of financial statements in accordance to the applicable accounting standards and the Companies Act 2013.

The course in accounting put emphasis on developing basic understanding about accounting as an information system. The emphasis in class Xi is placed on basic concepts and process of accounting leading to the preparation of accounts for a sole proprietorship firm. The students are also familiarized with basic calculations of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in recording the business transactions.

The increased role of ICT in all walks of life cannot be overemphasized and is becoming an integral part of business operations. The learners of accounting are introduced to Computerized Accounting System at class XI and XII. Computerized Accounting System is a compulsory component which is to be studied by all students of commerce in class XI; whereas in class XII it is offered as an optional subject to Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements. This course is developed to impart skills for designing need based accounting database for maintaining book of accounts.

The complete course of Accountancy at the senior secondary stage introduces the learners to the world of business and emphasize on strengthening the fundamentals of the subject.

Objectives:

1. To familiarize students with new and emerging areas in the preparation and presentation of financial statements.

2. To acquaint students with basic accounting concepts and accounting standards.

3. To develop the skills of designing need based accounting database.

4. To appreciate the role of ICT in business operations.

5. To develop an understanding about recording of business transactions and preparation of financial statements.

6. To enable students with accounting for Not-for-Profit organizations, accounting for Partnership Firms and company accounts.

Accountancy (Code No.055)

Couse Structure Class-XI (2018-19)

One Paper Theory: 90 Marks

3 Hours

Units

Periods

Marks

Part A: Financial Accounting-1

Unit-1: Theoretical Framework

Unit-2: Accounting Process

105

130

CBSE Part B: Financial Accounting-II

Unit-3: Financial Statements of Sole Proprietorship from Complete and Incomplete Records

Unit-4: Computers in Accounting

CBSE Part C: Project Work

CBSE SYLLABUS: CLASS-XI ACCOUNTANCY

PART A: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING – I 55 Marks

Unit-1: Theoretical Frame Work 25 Periods

Units/Topics

Learning Outcomes

Introduction to Accounting                                11 Periods
· Accounting- concept, objectives, advantages and limitations, types of accounting information; users of accounting information and their needs. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information. Role of Accounting in Business.
·    Basic Accounting Terms- Business Transaction, Capital, Drawings. Liabilities (Non Current and Current). Assets (Non Current, Current); Fixed assets (Tangible and Intangible), Expenditure (Capital and Revenue), Expense, Income, Profit, Gain, Loss, Purchase, Sales, Goods, Stock, Debtor, Creditor, Voucher, Discount (Trade discount and Cash Discount)
Theory Base of Accounting                                14 Periods
·    Fundamental accounting assumptions: GAAP: Concept
·    Business Entity, Money Measurement, Going Concern, Accounting Period, Cost Concept, Dual Aspect, Revenue Recognition, Matching, Full Disclosure, Consistency, Conservatism, Materiality and Objectivity
·    System of Accounting. Basis of Accounting: cash basis and accrual basis
·    Accounting Standards: Need, benefits, limitations, applicability; IFRS- Need

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
· describe the meaning, significance, objectives, advantages and limitations of accounting in the modem economic environment with varied types of business and non-business economic entities.
· identify / recognise the individual(s) and entities that use accounting information for serving their needs of decision making.
· explain the various terms used in accounting and differentiate between different related terms like current and non-current, capital and revenue.
· give examples of terms like business transaction, liabilities, assets, expenditure and purchases.
· explain that sales/purchases include both cash and credit sales/purchases relating to the accounting year.
· differentiate among income, profits and gains.
· state the meaning of fundamental accounting

· Goods and Services Tax (GST): Characteristics and Objective.

assumptions and their relevance in accounting.
· describe the meaning of accounting assumptions and the situation in which an assumption is applied during the accounting process.
· explain the meaning and objectives of accounting standards.
· appreciate that various   accounting standards developed nationally and globally are in practice for bringing parity in the accounting treatment of different items.
· acknowledge the fact that recording of accounting transactions follows double entry system.
· explain the bases of recording accounting transaction and to appreciate that accrual basis is a better basis for depicting the correct financial position of an enterprise.
·      Understand the need of IFRS
· Explain the meaning, objective   and characteristic of GST.

Unit-2: Accounting Process 105 Periods

Units/Topics

Learning Outcomes

Recording of Business Transactions                      30 Periods
·     Voucher and Transactions: Source documents and Vouchers, Preparation of Vouchers, Accounting Equation Approach: Meaning and Analysis, Rules of Debit and Credit.
·     Recording of Transactions: Books of Original Entry-
§ Journal
§ Special Purpose books:
§ Cash Book: Simple, cash book with bank column and petty cashbook
§ Purchases book
§ Sales book
§ Purchases return book
§ Sales return book
Note: Including simple GST calculations

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
· explain the concept of accounting equation and appreciate that every transaction affects either both the sides of the equation or a positive effect on one item and a negative effect on another item on the same side of accounting equation.
· explain the effect of a transaction (increase or decrease) on the assets, liabilities, capital, revenue and expenses.
· appreciate that on the basis of source

·    Ledger: Format, Posting from journal and subsidiary books, Balancing of accounts
15 Periods
Bank Reconciliation Statement:
·Need and preparation, Bank Reconciliation Statement with Adjusted Cash Book
Depreciation, Provisions and Reserves.            20 Periods
·    Depreciation: Concept, Features, Causes, factors
·    Other similar terms: Depletion and Amortisation

documents, accounting vouchers are
prepared for recording transaction in the books of accounts.
· develop the understanding of recording of transactions in journal and the skill of calculating GST.
· explain the purpose of maintaining a Cash Book and develop the skill of preparing the format of different types of cash books and the method of recording cash transactions in Cash book.

·     Methods of Depreciation:
i.        Straight Line Method (SLM)
ii.        Written Down Value Method (WDV)
Note: Excluding change of method
·    Difference between SLM and WDV; Advantages of SLM and WDV
·    Accounting treatment of depreciation
i.        Charging to asset account
ii.        Creating provision for depreciation/accumulated depreciation account
iii.        Treatment for disposal of asset
·    Provisions and Reserves: Difference
·     Types of Reserves:
i.        Revenue reserve
ii.        Capital reserve
iii.        General reserve
iv.        Specific reserve
v.        Secret Reserve
·    Difference between capital and revenue reserve
Accounting for Bills of Exchange.                      20 Periods
·    Bill of exchange and Promissory Note: Definition, Specimen, Features, Parties.
·    Difference between Bill of Exchange and Promissory Note
·     Terms in Bill of Exchange:
i.        Term of Bill
ii.        Accommodation bill (concept)
iii.        Days of Grace
iv.        Date of maturity
v.        Discounting of bill
vi.        Endorsement of bill
vii.        Bill after due date
viii.        Negotiation
ix.        Bill sent for collection
x.        Dishonour of bill
xi.        Retirement of bill
xii.        Renewal of bill
·    Accounting Treatment
Note: excluding accounting treatment for accommodation bill
Trial balance and Rectification of Errors        20 Periods
·    Trial balance: objectives and preparation
(Scope: Trial balance with balance method only)
· Errors: types-errors of omission, commission, principles, and compensating; their effect on Trial Balance.
·    Detection and rectification of errors; preparation of suspense account.

· describe the method of recording transactions other than cash transactions as per their nature in different subsidiary books .
· appreciate that at times bank balance as indicated by cash book is different from the bank balance as shown by the pass book / bank statement and to reconcile both the balances, bank reconciliation statement is prepared.
· develop understanding of preparing bank reconciliation statement.
· appreciate that for ascertaining the position of individual accounts, transactions are posted from subsidiary books and journal proper into the concerned accounts in the ledger and
develop the skill of ledger posting.
· explain the necessity of providing depreciation and develop the skill of using different methods for computing depreciation.
· understand the accounting treatment of providing depreciation directly to the concerned asset account or by creating provision for depreciation account.
· appreciate the method of asset disposal through the concerned asset account or by preparing asset disposal account.
· appreciate the need for creating reserves and also making provisions for events which may belong to the current year but may happen in next year.
· appreciate the difference between reserve and reserve fund.
· acquire the knowledge of using bills of exchange and promissory notes for financing business transactions;
· understand the meaning and distinctive features of these instruments and develop the skills of their preparation.
· state the meaning of different terms used in bills of exchange and their implication in accounting.
· explain the method of recording of bill transactions.
· state the need and objectives of preparing

trial balance and develop the skill of preparing trial balance.
· appreciate that errors may be committed during the process of accounting.
· understand the meaning of different types of errors and their effect on trial balance.
· develop the skill of identification and location of errors and their rectification and preparation of suspense account.

Part B: Financial Accounting – II 35 Marks

Unit 3: Financial Statements of Sole Proprietorship: From Complete and Incomplete Records 60 Periods

Units/Topics

Learning Outcomes

Financial Statements
Receipts and Expenditure: Revenue receipts and capital receipts. Capital expenditure, Revenue expenditure and deferred expenditure
Objective and Importance.
Trading and Profit and Loss Account: Gross Profit, Operating profit and net profit. Preparation.
Balance Sheet: need, grouping and marshalling of assets and liabilities. Preparation.
Adjustments in preparation of financial statements with respect to closing stock, outstanding expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued income, income received in advance, depreciation, bad debts, provision for doubtful debts, provision for discount on debtors, Abnormal loss, Goods taken for personal use/staff welfare, interest on capital and managers commission.
Preparation of Trading and Profit and Loss account and Balance Sheet of a sole proprietorship with adjustments.
Incomplete Records
Features, Reasons and Limitations.
Ascertainment of profit/loss by statement of affairs method.
Difference between Accounts from incomplete records and Statement of Affairs. Preparation of Trading , Profit and Loss account and Balance Sheet.

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
·    state the meaning of financial statements the
·    purpose of preparing financial statements.
· state the meaning of gross profit, operating profit and net profit and develop the skill of preparing trading and profit and loss account.
·    explain the need for preparing balance sheet.
· understand the technique of grouping and marshalling of assets and liabilities.
· appreciate that there may be certain items other than those shown in trial balance which may need adjustments while preparing financial statements.
· develop the understanding and skill to do adjustments for items and their presentation in financial statements like depreciation, closing stock, provisions, abnormal loss etc.
· develop the skill of preparation of trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet.
· state the meaning of incomplete records and their uses and limitations.
· develop the understanding and skill of computation of profit / loss using the statement of affairs method.

Unit 4: Computers in Accounting 20 Periods

Units/Topics

Learning Outcomes

· Introduction to computer and accounting information system {AIS}: Introduction to computers (elements, capabilities, limitations of computer system)
· Introduction to operating software, utility software and application software. Introduction to accounting information system (AIS) as a part of Management Information System.
· Automation of accounting process: meaning
· Stages in automation: (a) Accounting process in a computerised environment; comparison between manual accounting process and computerised accounting process, (b) Sourcing of accounting software; kinds of software: readymade software; customised software and tailor-made software; generic considerations before sourcing accounting software (c) creation of account groups and hierarchy (d) generation of reports – trial balance, profit and loss account and balance sheet.
Scope:
(i) The scope of the unit is to understand accounting as an information system for the generation of accounting information and preparation of accounting reports.
(ii) It is presumed that the working knowledge of any appropriate accounting software will be given to the students to help them learn basic accounting operations on computers.

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
· state the meaning of a computer, describe its components, capabilities and limitations.
· state the meaning of accounting information system.
· appreciate the need for use of computers in accounting for preparing accounting reports.
· develop the understanding of comparing the manual and computerized accounting process and appreciate the advantages and limitations of automation.
· understand the different kinds of accounting software.

Part C: Project Work (Any One) 10 Marks 30 Periods

1. Collection of source documents, preparation of vouchers, recording of transactions with the help of vouchers.

2. Preparation of Bank Reconciliation Statement with the given cash book and the pass book with twenty to twenty- five transactions.

3. Comprehensive project of any sole proprietorship business. This may state with journal entries and their ledgering, preparation of Trial balance. Trading and Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. Expenses, incomes and profit (loss), assets and liabilities are to be depicted using pie chart / bar diagram.

COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT

It is suggested to undertake this project after completing the unit on preparation of financial statements. The student(s) will be allowed to select any business of their choice or develop the transaction of imaginary business.

The project is to run through the chapters and make the project an interesting process. The amounts should emerge as more realistic and closer to reality.

3. Specific Guidelines for Teachers

Give a list of options to the students to select a business form. You can add to the given list:

A beauty parlour

10. Men’s wear

19. A coffeeshop

Men’s saloon

11. Ladies wear

20. A music shop

A tailoring shop

12. Kiddies wear

21. A juiceshop

A canteen

13. A Saree shop

22. A schoolcanteen

A cake shop

14. Artificialjewellery shop

23. An ice cream parlour

A confectionery shop

15. A small restaurant

24. A sandwich shop

A chocolate shop

16. A sweet shop

25. A flower shop

A dry cleaner

17. A groceryshop

A stationery shop

18. A shoeshop

After selection, advise the student(s) to visit a shop in the locality (this will help them to settle on a realistic amounts

different items. The student(s) would be able to see the things as they need to invest in furniture, decor, lights, machines, computers etc.

A suggested list of different item is given below.

1. Rent 19. Wages andSalary

2. Advance rent [approximately three months] 20. Newspaper andmagazines

3. Electricity deposit 21. Pettyexpenses

4. Electricity bill 22. Teaexpenses

5. Electricity fitting 23. Packagingexpenses

6. Water bill 24. Transport

7. Water connection security deposit 25. Delivery cycle or a vehiclepurchased

8. Water fittings 26. Registration

9. Telephone bill 27. Insurance

10. Telephone security deposit 28. Auditorsfee

11. Telephone instrument 29. Repairs &Maintenance

12. Furniture 30. Depreciations

13. Computers 31. Airconditioners

14. Internet connection 32. Fans andlights

15. Stationery 33. Interiordecorations

16. Advertisements 34. Refrigerators

17. Glow sign 35. Purchase andsales

18. Rates and Taxes

At this stage performas of bulk of originality and ledger may be provided to the students and they may be asked to

complete the same.

In the next step the students are expected to prepare the trial balance and the financial statements.

Suggested Question Paper Design Accountancy (Code No. 055) Class XI (2018-19)

Marks 90 Duration: 3 hrs.

S.
No.

Typology of Questions

Very Short Answer 1 Mark

Short Answer I
3 Marks

Short Answer II
4 Marks

Long Answer I
6 Marks

Long Answer II
8 Marks

Marks

Remembering – (Knowledge based simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories; identify, define, or recite, information)

–

20%

Understanding – (Comprehension
– to be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase, or interpret information)

–

30%

Application – (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations; Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

–

25%

High Order Thinking Skills – (Analysis
& Synthesis- Classify, compare,
contrast, or differentiate between different pieces of information; Organize and/or integrate unique pieces of information from a variety of sources)

–

20%

Evaluation – (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

–

TOTAL

6×1=6

6×3=18

5×4=20

5×6=30

2×8=16

90
(24)
100%

100

Note: Scheme of options: All questions carrying 8 marks will have internal choice.

Note: The Board has introduced Learning Outcomes in the syllabus to motivate students to constantly explore all levels of learning. However these are only indicative. These do not in any way restrict the scope of questions being asked in the examinations. The examination question will be strictly based on the prescribed question paper design and syllabus.

Accountancy (Code No. 055)

Class-XII (2018-19)

One Paper Theory: 80 Marks

3 Hours

Units

Periods

Marks

Part A

Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations, Partnership Firms and Companies

Unit 1. Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations

Unit 2. Accounting for Partnership Firms

Unit 3. Accounting for Companies

150

Part B

Financial Statement Analysis

Unit 4. Analysis of Financial Statements

Unit 5. Cash Flow Statement

Part C

Project Work

Project work will include:

Project File

4 Marks

Written Test

12 Marks (One Hour)

Viva Voce

4 Marks

Part B

Computerized Accounting

Unit 4. Computerized Accounting

Part C

Practical Work

Practical work will include:

Practical File

4 Marks

Practical Examination

12 Marks (One Hour)

Viva Voce’

4 Marks

Part A: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations, Partnership Firms and Companies

60 Marks 150 Periods

Unit 1: Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations 25 Periods

Units/Topics

Learning Outcomes

· Not-for-profit organizations: concept.
· Receipts and Payments Account: features and preparation.
· Income and Expenditure Account: features, preparation of income and expenditure account and balance sheet from the given receipts and payments account with additional information.
Scope:
(i) Adjustments in a question should not exceed 3 or 4 in number and restricted to subscriptions, consumption of consumables and sale of assets/ old material.
(ii) Entrance/admission fees and general donations are to be treated as revenue receipts.
(iii) Trading Account of incidental activities is not to be prepared.

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
· state the meaning of a Not-for-profit organisation and its distinction from a profit making entity.
· state the meaning of receipts and payments account, and understanding its features.
· develop the understanding and skill ofpreparing receipts and payments account.
· state the meaning of income and expenditure account and understand its features.
· develop the understanding and skill of preparing income and expenditure account and balance sheet of a not-for-profit organisation with the help of given receipts and payments account and additional information.

Unit 2: Accounting for Partnership Firms 90 periods

Units/Topics

Learning Outcomes

· Partnership: features, Partnership Deed.
· Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed.
· Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts. Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account- division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits.
· Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
·    state the meaning of partnership, partnership firm and partnership deed.
·    describe the characteristic features ofpartnership and the contents of partnership deed.
·    discuss the significance of provision of Partnership Act in the absence of partnership

sharing ratio).
· Goodwill: nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation – average profit, super profit and capitalization.
Note: Interest on partner’s loan is to be treated as a charge against profits.
Accounting for Partnership firms – Reconstitution and Dissolution.
· Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners – sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet.
· Admission of a partner – effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and re- assessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits, adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of balance sheet.
· Retirement and death of a partner: effect of retirement / death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits and reserves, adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of balance sheet. Preparation of loan account of the retiring partner.
· Calculation of deceased partner’s share of profit till the date of death. Preparation of deceased partner’s capital account and his executor’s account.
· Dissolution of a partnership firm: meaning of dissolution of partnership and partnership firm, types of dissolution of a firm. Settlement of accounts – preparation of realization account, and other related accounts: capital accounts of partners and cash/bank a/c (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of partner(s)).
Note:
(i) The realized value of each asset must be given at the time of dissolution.
(ii) In case, the realization expenses are borne by a

deed.
· differentiate between fixed and fluctuating capital, outline the process and develop the understanding and skill of preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.
· develop the understanding and skill of prepration profit and loss appropriation account involving guarantee of profits.
· develop the understanding and skill of making past adjustments.
· state the meaning, nature and factors affecting goodwill
· develop the understanding and skill ofvaluation of goodwill using different methods.
· state the meaning of sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio and the change in profit sharing ratio among existing partners.
· develop the understanding of accounting treatment of revaluation assets and re- assessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits by preparing revaluation account and balance sheet.
· explain the effect of change in profit sharing ratio on admission of a new partner.
· develop the understanding and skill of treatment of goodwill as per AS-26, treatment of revaluation of assets and re-assessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits, adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of balance sheet of the new firm.
· explain the effect of retirement / death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio.
· develop the understanding of accounting treatment of goodwill, revaluation of assets and re-assessment of liabilities and adjustment of accumulated profits and reserves on retirement
/ death of a partner and capital adjustment.
· develop the skill of calculation of deceased partner’s share till the time of his death and prepare deceased partner’s executor’s account.
· discuss the preparation of the capital accounts of the remaining partners and the balance sheet of the firm after retirement / death of a partner.
· understand the situations under which a

partner, clear indication should be given regarding the payment thereof.

partnership firm can be dissolved.
· develop the understanding of preparation of realisation account and other related accounts.

Unit-3 Accounting for Companies 35 Periods

Units/Topics

Learning Outcomes

Accounting for Share Capital
· Share and share capital: nature and types.
· Accounting for share capital: issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares – over subscription and under subscription of shares; issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash.
· Concept of Private Placement and Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP).
· Accounting treatment of forfeiture and re-issue of shares.
· Disclosure of share capital in the Balance Sheet of a company.
Accounting for Debentures
· Debentures: Issue of debentures at par, at apremium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; Issue of debentures with terms of redemption; debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures. Writting off discount / loss on issue of debentures.
· Redemption of debentures-Methods: Lump sum, draw of lots.
Creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve.
Note: Related sections of the Companies Act, 2013 will apply.

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
· state the meaning of share and share capital and differentiate between equity shares and preference shares and different types of share capital.
· understand the meaning of private placement of shares and Employee Stock Option Plan.
· explain the accounting treatment of share capital transactions regarding issue of shares.
· develop the understanding of accounting treatment of forfeiture and re-issue of forfeited shares.
· describe the presentation of share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per schedule III part I of the Companies Act 2013.
· explain the accounting treatment of different categories of transactions related to issue of debentures.
· develop the understanding and skill of writing of discount / loss on issue of debentures.
· understand the concept of collateral security and its presentation in balance sheet.
· develop the skill of calculating interest on debentures and its accounting treatment.
· state the meaning of redemption of debentures.
· develop the understanding of accounting treatment of transactions related to redemption of debentures by lump sum, draw of lots and Creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve.

Part B: Financial Statement Analysis 20 Marks

Unit 4: Analysis of Financial Statements 30 Periods

Financial statements of of a company: Statement Profit and the Loss and Balance Sheet in prescribed form with major

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
· develop the understanding of major headings

headings and sub headings (as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013).
Note: Exceptional items, extraordinary items and profit (loss) from discontinued operations are excluded.
· Financial Statement Analysis: Objectives, importance and limitations.
· Tools for Financial Statement Analysis:
Comparative statements, common size statements, cash flow analysis, ratio analysis.
· Accounting Ratios: Meaning, Objectives, classification and computation.
Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio and Quick ratio.
Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset to Debt Ratio, Proprietary Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio.
Activity Ratios: Inventory Turnover Ratio, Trade Receivables Turnover Ratio, Trade Payables Turnover Ratio and Working Capital Turnover Ratio.
Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio and Return on Investment.

and sub-headings (as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013) of balance sheet as per the prescribed norms / formats.
· state the meaning, objectives and limitations of financial statement analysis.
· discuss the meaning of different tools of ‘financial statements analysis’.
· develop the understanding and skill of preparation of comparative and common size financial statements.
· state the meaning, objectives and significance of different types of ratios.
· develop the understanding of computation of current ratio and quick ratio.
· develop the skill of computation of debt equity ratio, total asset to debt ratio, proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio.
· develop the skill of computation of inventory turnover ratio, trade receivables and trade payables ratio and working capital turnover ratio.
· develop the skill of computation of gross profit ratio, operating ratio, operating profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on investment.

Note: Net Profit Ratio is to be calculated on the basis profit before and after tax.

Unit 5: Cash Flow Statement 20 Periods

· Meaning, objectives and preparation (as per AS 3 (Revised) (Indirect Method only)
Note:
(i) Adjustments relating to depreciation and amortization, profit or loss on sale of assets including investments, dividend (both final and interim) and tax.
(ii) Bank overdraft and cash credit to be treated as short term borrowings.
(iii)Current Investments to be taken as Marketable securities unless otherwise specified.

After going through this Unit, the students will be able to:
· state the meaning and objectives of cash flow statement.
· develop the understanding of preparation of Cash Flow Statement using indirect method as per AS 3 with given adjustments.

Project Work 20 Marks 40 Periods

Note: Kindly refer to the Guidelines published by the CBSE.

Part B: Computerised Accounting 20 Marks 50 Periods

Unit 3: Computerised Accounting

Overview of Computerised Accounting System.

· Introduction: Application in Accounting.

· Features of Computerised Accounting System.

· Structure of CAS.

· Software Packages: Generic; Specific; Tailored.

Accounting Application of Electronic Spreadsheet.

Concept of electronic spreadsheet.

Features offered by electronic spreadsheet.

Application in generating accounting information – bank reconciliation statement; asset accounting; loan repayment of loan schedule, ratio analysis

Data representation- graphs, charts and diagrams.

Using Computerized Accounting System.

Steps in installation of CAS, codification and Hierarchy of account heads, creation of accounts.

Data: Entry, validation and verification.

Adjusting entries, preparation of balance sheet, profit and loss account with closing entries and opening entries. Need and security features of the system.

Database Management System (DBMS)
Concept and Features of DBMS. DBMS in Business Application.
Generating Accounting Information – Payroll.

Part C: Practical Work

20 Marks 26 Periods

Please refer to the guidelines published by CBSE.

Prescribed Books:
Financial Accounting -I Class XI

NCERT Publication

Accountancy -II Class XI

NCERT Publication

Accountancy -I Class XII
Accountancy -II Class XII

NCERT Publication
NCERT Publication

Guidelines for Project Work in Accounting and Practical work in computerised Accounting Class XII CBSE

Publication

Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Urdu Course B 2018-19

March 24, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Urdu Course B 2018-19

2018-2019

435

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CBSE URDU (Code – 303)

CBSE CLASS- IX COURSE – B 2018-19

Time: 3Hrs. Total: 80 Marks.

The question paper is divided into four sections:

Section: A

Reading comprehension

Marks

32 Periods

Section: B

Writing

Marks

40 Periods

Section: C

Grammar

Marks

40 Periods

Section: D Literature 32 Marks 80 Periods

CBSE Design of Question Paper

Section

Type of Question

No. of questions

No. of internal questions with marks

Total Marks

Unseen

MCQ

5X2

Writing

LAQ

1X10

LAQ

1X4

Grammar

SAQ

5X4=20

LAQ

4X1

Literature Reader Prose

MCQ

1X7

LAQ

1X6

SAQ

2X2

Poetry

MCQ

1X5

LAQ

1X6

SAQ

2X2

TOTAL

437

2018-2019

438

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URDU (Code – 303)

CBSE CLASS- X COURSE – B 2018-19

Time: 3Hrs. Total: 80 Marks.

The question paper is divided into four sections:

Section: A

Reading comprehension

Marks

32 Periods

Section: B

Writing

Marks

40 Periods

Section: C

Grammar

Marks

40 Periods

Section: D Literature 32 Marks 80 Periods

Design of Question Paper

Section

Type of Question

No. of questions

No. of internal questions with marks

Total Marks

Unseen

MCQ

5X2

Writing

LAQ

1X10

LAQ

1X5

Grammar

LAQ

2X4=8

SAQ

5X3

Literature Reader Prose

MCQ

1X7

LAQ

1X6

SAQ

2X2

Poetry

MCQ

1X5

LAQ

1X6

SAQ

2X2

TOTAL

440

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Urdu Course A 2018-19

March 24, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Urdu Course A 2018-19

2018-2019

429

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CBSE URDU (Code – 003)

CLASS – IX COURSE – A 2018-19

Time: 3Hrs. Total: 80 Marks.

The question paper is divided into four sections:

Section: A

Reading comprehension

Marks

32 Periods

Section: B

Writing

Marks

40 Periods

Section: C

Grammar

Marks

40 Periods

Section: D Literature 45 Marks 80 Periods

Design of Question Paper

Section

Type of Question

No. of questions

No. of internal questions with marks

Total Marks

Unseen

MCQ

5X2

Writing

LAQ

1X10

LAQ

1X4

Grammar

LAQ

(3X1=3)3

SAQ

2X1

Literature Reader Prose

MCQ

1X5

LAQ

5X1

SAQ

2X2

Poetry

MCQ

1X5

LAQ

1X4

SAQ

2X2

Forms of Poetry

LAQ

5X2

Non –Detail

LAQ

1X4

SAQ

2X2

TOTAL

431

2018-2019

432

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.,J.;i;:-.1.;;;.t.’ ‘.lJ/ , v-vJ ,J -‘r? , (-“‘ = .;W1 *

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URDU (Code – 003)

CLASS- X COURSE – A 2018-19

Time: 3Hrs. Total: 80 Marks.

The question paper is divided into four sections:

Section: A

Reading comprehension

Marks

32 Periods

Section: B

Writing

Marks

40 Periods

Section: C

Grammar

Marks

40 Periods

Section: D Literature 46 Marks 80 Periods

CBSE Design of Question Paper

Section

Type of Question

No. of questions

No. of internal questions with marks

Total Marks

Unseen

MCQ

5X2

Writing

LAQ

1X10

LAQ

1X4

Grammar

SAQ

1X2

SAQ

1X5

SAQ

1X3

Literature Reader Prose

MCQ

1X5

LAQ

1X5

SAQ

2X2

Poetry

MCQ

1X5

LAQ

1X5

SAQ

2X2

Non –Detail

LAQ

1X4

SAQ

2X2

Forms of Poetry

LAQ

2X5

TOTAL

434

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Tibetan 2018-19

March 24, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Tibetan 2018-19

Section	Details of Topics/ Section (CBSE)	Type of Question	No. of Question	Mark
Section A Reading	Comprehension of a seen and an unseen passage extracted from stories, notes, and biographies. Lesson no. 9	S A(2)	05	10
		VSA(1)	05	05
Section B Writing	Letter Writing : i) Letter to parents, relatives and friends. ii) Notice, minutes and diary Lesson no. 10 – 12	LA(8)	1	8
	Essay Writing/Article/Column Lesson no. 13- 22	LA(12)	1	12
	Translation Tibetan to English	LA(5)	1	05
Section C	Grammar:	LA(6)	2	12
Grammar	Letters’ order of Sumchupa and Additive particles depended upon
	suffix letter. Introduction of noun, adverb, verb	VSA(1)	3	3
	and adjective
	Lesson No. 1 – 8
Section D	Prose: 1. Selective verses from the first	S A(2)	3	06
	chapter of Sakya Legs bShad
	2. Kha Che Pha Lu’i bsLab Bya 3. Proverb	VSA(1)	4	04
	Lesson No. 23
	Poetry: i) Verse of 6 to 9 words	S A(2)	3	06
	ii) Ka bShad Lesson no. 24-25	VSA(1)	4	04
	Rapid Reading: My land and My people Lesson No. 26	VSA(1)	5	05
	Total			80 Marks
CBSE Textbook Books prescribed for Section A to D
New Tibetan Textbook for Class IX Printed by Sherig Parkhang/TCRPC
					427
Section	Details of Topics/ Section	Type of question	No. of question	Mark
Section A Reading	Comprehension of a seen and an unseen passage extracted from stories, notes, and biographies. Lesson no. 6& 7	S A(2)	05	10
		VSA(1)	05	05
Section B Writing	Composition and Letter Writing- Purchasing, Invitation, Letter to Newspaper editor. Lesson no. 8 & 9	LA(8)	1	8
	Essay Writing on descriptive topic e.g. Festival, Journey scenes, etc. Memorable events in student’s life, Lesson no. 10-12	LA(12)	1	12
	Translation Tibetan to English	LA(5)	1	05
Section C Grammar	Grammar: Sum Chu Pa Lesson No. 1 – 3 mNgon brJod Lesson No. 4-5	LA(6) VSA(1)	2 3	12 3
Section D	Prose: Sherting Sa-Skya Legs-Bshad Lesson No. 13-15	S A(2) VSA(1)	3 4	06 04
	Poetry: Poetic Style and the body of	S A(2)	3	06
	a poem.
	Verse of 10-12 letters	VSA(1)	4	04
	Lesson no. 16 & 17
	Rapid Reading: My land & my people Lesson No. 18 & 19	VSA(1)	5	05
	Total			80 Marks
CBSE Textbook Books prescribed for Section A to D
New Tibetan Textbook for Class X Printed by Sherig Parkhang/ TCRPC
428

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Thai 2018-19

March 24, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Thai 2018-19

Time: 3 hours

Marks: 80

CBSE Thai (CODE :136)

Class IX (2018 – 19)

Reading Section

A: : 10 Marks

One unseen passage (factual / descriptive / fiction / mystery)

Writing Section

B: : 20 Marks

– Short story / essay

– Notice / advertisement

– Letter Writing (formal/informal)

– Discovery Writing

– Writing facts based on history/information

C: 30 Marks

– As applied from textbook lesson 1 – 14

– Apply Thai grammar rules appropriately

– Be able to use language in the right situation

– Use correct grammar to write

– Noun Preposition

Pronoun Object (direct/indirect)

Verb Conjunction

Adverb

D: : 20 Marks

a) Questions based on textbook

– Short answers question 5×2

– MCQ (odd one out, match the following, word meanings, true / false) any 2

6 x ½

b) Theory/ Project based :4×1

HOTS – high order thinking skills based on daily life / morals and its application

Grammar:

Culture and Civilization

Thai (CODE: 136)

Grade IX

The question paper will be divided into four sections:

Section A: Reading Comprehension – 10 Marks Section B: Writing – 20 Marks

Section C: Grammar – 30 Marks

Section D: Culture and Civilization – 20 Marks

Section wise weightage:

Section

Details of topic /

Type of question

Marks

Sections

Section A (Understanding)

Unseen passage

Short answer question based on the passage
Grammar
Forming Sentences/Vocabulary (any one)

5
10
2 ½
2 ½

Section B (Creative Writing)

Short story / essay Notice / advertisement Letter Writing (formal/informal) Discovery Writing Writing facts based on history/information

Creative Writing

5
5
20
5
5

Section C (Application)

Grammar

Noun Pronoun Verb Adverb Conjunction
Object (direct/indirect) Preposition

5
4
4
4 30
4
5
4

Section D (Literature)

Culture & Civilization Lesson 1-14

Short answers HOTS
MCQ – Odd one out match the following word meanings true/false (any 2)

10
4
3
3

80 Marks

CBSE Prescribed Textbooks (MOE):

Name: 1.) Wa Na Ka De Wi Chak (Literature) 2.) Wi Withapasa (Course book)

Lessons: 1-14 ( Course Book)

1 – 5 (Literature)

Hours: 3

Marks: 80

Thai (CODE -136)

Grade X 2018 – 19

Reading Section

A) : 10 Marks

One unseen passage (factual / descriptive / poems / discursive)

Writing Section

B) : 20 Marks

Short Story Writing with cues/writing poems (Klong-Si -Su- Pap) Letter Writing (formal / informal)

Writing an article/mind mapping Short Newspaper Report

Report Writing/ dialogue writing

Grammar Section

C) : 30 Marks

As applied in text book lessons 1 – 13 Pronoun

Conjunction Types of nouns

Sentence reordering Verb forms

Dialogue Completion Editing

Omission Gap filling

Synonym &antonym

Culture and Civilization

D) : 20 Marks

a) One extract of poem/poetry or play for reference to the context Short Answers 5 x 2 Marks

b) Character Sketch in about 200 – 250 words From the text 5 Marks

c) Theory/ Project based: 2 x 2.5

– Thai Monarchy/ writing a project

– Thai Culture practices and Thai Arts

Thai (CODE: 136)

Grade X The question paper will be divided into four sections: Section A: Reading Comprehension – 10 Marks Section B: Writing – 20 Marks

Section C: Grammar – 30 Marks

Section D: Culture and Civilization – 20 Marks

Section Wise Weightage

Section

Details of topic /

Type of question

Marks

Sections

Section A (Understanding)

Unseen passage

Short answer question Vocabulary Search Grammar

5
2 ½ 10
2 ½

Section B (Creative)

Short Story Writing with cues/writing poems (Klong-Si -Su- Pap) Letter Writing (formal / informal)
Writing an article/mind mapping
Short Newspaper Report
Or
Report Writing/ dialogue writing

Creative Writing

5
5
20
5
5

Section C (Application)

Grammar

Pronoun Conjunction Types of nouns
Sentence reordering Verb forms
Dialogue Completion Editing
Omission Gap filling
Synonyms &antonyms

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Section D (Literature)

Culture & Civilization Lesson 1- 13

Reference to Context Short answers Character Sketch Theory/ Project based

10
20
5
5

Total: 80 Marks

Prescribed Book: MOE

Name: Wan Na Ka De Wi Chak – Literature

Principle of language and usage of Language for communication Course Book

Internal Assessment of 20 marks for classes IX and X should be done as per the details

below:

A – Period Tests

Total Weightage 10 out of 20

Test to be based on comprehending skills, applying literary conventions, grammar, reasoning and applying
Note: Average of best two tests out of 3 conducted

B – Notebook Submission

Total Weightage 05 out of 20

This area would cover:
–    Neatness
–    Regularity
–    Assignment Completion
–    Completion of Corrections
–    Upkeep of notebooks

C – Subject Enrichment Activity

Total Weightage 05 out of 20

Listening: Listening to Short Stories and Comprehending Conversation – Identifying Speakers
– Theme
Speaking: Extempore, Conversations, recitation and debates
Note: The students will be assessed on 10 marks and then reduced to 5 marks each

To see the full specifications with in-depth details click here

Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Telugu-Telangana 2018-19

March 24, 2018 by D L

CBSE Curriculum for Secondary School Certificate Examination (IX-X) Telugu-Telangana 2018-19

Section A

Reading Comprehension

10 Marks

32 Pds

Section B

Writing

14 Marks

40 Pds

Section C

Grammar

24 Marks

40 Pds

Section D

Literature

32 Marks

80 Pds

CBSE Design of Question Paper

Section

Type of Question

No of Questions

No. of internal questions with Marks

Total No. of Marks

Unseen Passage

SAQ

5 x 2

Writing

LAQ

1 x 6

LAQ

2 x 4

Grammar

MCQ

(4×1=4; 4×1=4;) (3X1=3); (3X1=3); (3X1=3 M)

SAQ

2×2

VSAQ

3×1

Literature Reader Prose

SAQ

2×3

SAQ

3X2

Poetry

LAQ

SAQ

2×3

Non-Detail

LAQ

2×4

TOTAL

419

CBSE SYLLABUS FOR TELUGU TELANGANA STATE (089)

CLASS – IX (2018 – 2019)

Time: 3Hrs Total: 80 Marks

A) Reading Section: 10 Marks

1. Aparichita Gadyamsham (unseen prose passage (5×2=10M)

B) Writing Section: 14 Marks

1. Lekha Rachana (Letter writing) (1X6=6 M)

2. Sandesha Rachana (Message writing) (1×4=4M)

3. Prakatana (Notice writing) (1X4=4M)

C) Grammar Section: 24 Marks

1. Telugu Sandhulu – Akaara, Ekaara, Ukaara Sandhulu

2. Samskrutha Sandhulu – Savarna, Guna, Vruddhi, Yanadesha (8×1=8M)

3. ParyaayaPadaalu (3X1=3 M)

4. Prakriti-Vikritulu (3X1=3 M)

5. Vyatireka Padaalu (3X1=3 M)

6. Jateeyaalu (2X2=4 M)

7. Saametalu (3X1=3 M)

CBSE Prescribed Text Book: Singidi-1, Published by Government of Telangana (1st Edition 2015)

D) Literature Section: Text 32 Marks

Prose – (Lessons to be taught)

Nenerigina Boorugula

(2 x 3=6M)

Ranga Charyatho Mukhamukhi

(3 X 2=6M)

Udyama Spoorthi

10.

Vaakbhushanam

12.

Theeyani Palakarimpu

Poetry – (Lessons to be taught) (1X 6=6M)

1. Dharmaarjunulu (2 x 3=6M)

3. Valasa kooli

5. Shataka Madhurima

7. Chelimi

11. Vaayasam

Non-Detail: Upavaachakam (Lessons to be taught) (2X4=8 M)

1. Komaram Bheem

2. Suravaram Prathapareddy

3. Kaaloji

4. Jaya Shankar

5. Swami Vivekananda

420

Section A

Reading Comprehension

10 Marks

32 Pds

Section B

Writing

14 Marks

40 Pds

Section C

Grammar

24 Marks

40 Pds

Section D

Literature

32 Marks

80 Pds

Design of Question Paper

Section

Type of Question

No of Questions

No. of internal questions with Marks

Total No. of Marks

Unseen

SAQ

5 x 2

Writing

LAQ

1 x 6

LAQ

2 x 4

Grammar

MCQ

(3×1); 3×1=3);
(3X1=3M); (3X1=3M);
(3×1=3M); (3×1=3);

SAQ

2×2

VSAQ

2×1

Literature Reader Prose

SAQ

2×3

SAQ

3X2

Poetry

LAQ

SAQ

2×3

Non-Detail

LAQ

2×4

TOTAL

421

A) Reading Section: 10 Marks

1. Aparichita Gadyamsham (unseen prose passage) (5×2=10M)

B) Writing Section: 14 Marks

1. Lekha Rachana (Letter writing) (1X6=6M)

2. Dairy Entry (Dinacharya) (1×4=4M)

3. News Writing (Vaartha Rachana) (1×4=4M)

C) Grammar Section: 24 Marks

1. Telugu Sandhulu –

Amredita, Pumpvadesa, Padvadi, Gasadavadesa, (6×1 =6M) Rugagama, Dvirukta Takara, Trika Sandhulu

2. Chandassu – Utpalamala, Champakamala, Mattebhamu, Shardhulamu(3X1=3M)

3. Samaasaalu – Dwandva, Dvigu, Bahuvreehi and Rupaka Samaasaalu (3X1=3M)

4. Alankaralu – Upama, Athishayokti, Krama, Arthantharanyasa (3×1=3M)

5. Paryaya Paddalu (3×1=3M)

6. Jaatiyaalu (2×2=4M)

7. Saametalu (2×1=2M)

Prescribed Text Book:

Singidi-2, Published by Government of Telangana (1st Edition 2015)

D) Literature Section: Text 32 Marks

CBSE Prose – (Lessons to be taught)

Evari bhasha variki vinasompu

(2×3=6M)

Kothabata

(3×2=6M)

Lakshya Siddhi

10.

Golkonda Pattanam

CBSE Poetry – (Lessons to be taught)

Daana Sheelam

(1×6=6M)

Veera Telangana

(2×3=6M)

Nagara Geetham

Shathaka Madhurima

Jeevana Bhashyam

11.

Bhiksha

Non-Detail Text:

(Mana Ithihasam – Ramayanam) (2×4=8M)

422

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