JCECE – 2016 BIOLOGY FULL SYLLABUS

BIOLOGY 

1. Diversity in Living World

Diversity of living organisms Classification of the living organisms (five kingdom classification, major groups and principles of classificaton within each kingdom.) Systematics and binomial System of nomenclature Salient features of animal (non chordates up to phylum level and chordates up to class level) and plant (major groups; Angiospems up to subclass) classification. Botanical gardens, herbara, Zoological parks and museums

ll Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

Tissues in animals and plants. Morphology, anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Morphology, anatormy and functions of differnt systems of an  nnelid (earthworm), an insect (cockroach) and an amphibian (frog).

lll CELL : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Cell: cell wall, cell membrance and cell organelles’ (plastids, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies/dictyosomes, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, Centrioles) and nuclear organization. Mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle. Basic chemical constituents of living bodies. Structure and functions of carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids and nucleic acids. Enzymes: types, properties and function.

IV Plant Physiology

Movement of water, food, nutrients and gasses, Plants and Water Mineral nutrition. Respiration, Photosynthesis, Plant growth and development.

V Human Physiology

Digestion and absorption. Dreathing and respiration. Body fluids and circulation. Excretory products and  limination. Locomotion and movement. Control and coordination.

l SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Pollination and fertilization in flowering plants. Development of seeds and fruits. Human reproduction:  eproductive system in male and female, menstrual cycle. Production of gametes, fertilization, implantation, embryo development, pregnancy and prarturation. Reproductive health – birth control, contraception and sexually  ransmitted diseases.

ll Genetics and evolution

Mendelian inheritancce. Chromosome theory of inheritance, deviations from Mendelian ratio (gene interaction – Incomplete dominance, co-dominance, complementary genes, multiple alleles). Sex determination in human beings : XX, XY Linkage and crossing over. Inherithnce pattern of harmophilia and blood groups in human beings. DNA:  eplication, transcription, translation. Gene expression and regulation. Genome and Human Genome Project. DNA fingerprinting. Evolution: Theories and evidences.

III. BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE

Animal husbandry. Basic concepts of immunology, vaccines. Pathogens, Parasites. Plant breeding, tissue culture, food production.Microbes in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment and evergy  eneration. Cancer and AIDS. Adolescence and drug/alcohol abuse.

IV. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Recombinant DNA technology. Applications in Health, Agriculture and Industry Genetically modified (GM) organisms; biosafety issues. Insulin and Bt cotton

V. ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

Ecosystems: components, types and energy flow. Species, population and community. Ecological adaptations. Centres of diversity and conservation of biodiversity, National parks and sanctuaries. Environmental issues.

JCECE – 2016 MATHEMATICS FULL SYLLABUS

MATHEMATICS 

SETS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Sets:
Sets and their representations. Empty set. Finite & Infinite sets. Equal sets, Subsets. Susets of the set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of ets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set.
2. Relations & Functions
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the reals with itself (upto R x R x R). Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, codomain and  ange of a relation, Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another. Pictorial representation of function, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum and greatest integer functions with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.
3. Trigonometric Functions:
Positive and negative angles, Measuring angles in radians & in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle, Truth of the identity sin2 x+cos2x= 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions and sketch of their graphs, Expressing sin (x+y) and cos (x+y) in terms of sin x, sin y, cos x & cos y.
ALGEBRA :
1. Principle of Mathematical Induction :
Processes of the proof by inductin, motivating the application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the lest inductivesubset of realnumbers. The principle of mathematical induction and simpleapplications.
2. Complex Numbers and Quardratic Equations :
Need for complex numbers, especially – 1, to be motivated by inability to solve every quadratic equation, Brief description of algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system.

3. Linear Inequalities :
Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one varibale and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables, solution of system of linear inequalities in two varibales-graphically.

4. Permutations & Theorem:

Fundamental principla counting. Factroial n. permutations and combinations, derivation of formula and their connections, simple applications.
5. Binomial Theorem :
History, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal’s triangle, general and middle term in binomial expansion, simple applications.
6. Sequence and Series :
Sequence and Series. Arithmetic progression (A.P.) arithmetic mean (A.M.) Geometric progression (G.P.) general term of a G.P. sum of n terms of a G.P. geometric mean (G.M.) relation between A.M. and
G.M. sum to n terms of the special series. 3 n, 3 n2 and 3n3
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. Straight Lines :
Briet recall of 2D from earlier classes. Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axes, point-slope form, slopeintercept form, two-point from, intercepts form and normal form. General equation of a line. Distance of a point from a line.
2. Conic Section :
Sections of cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and pair of intersecting lines as
a degenerated case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse
and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle.
3. lntroduction to Three-dimensional Geometry
Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between
two points and section formula.

CALCULUS
1. Limits and Derivatives :
Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically, intuitive idea
of limit. Definition of derivative, relate it slope of tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product
and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric functions.
MATHEMATICAL REASONING
1. Mathematical Reasoning :
Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words/ phrases – consolidating the unerstanding of “if
and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition”, “implies”, “and/or”, “implied by”, “and”, “or”, “there exists” and their use through variety of examples related to real life and Mathematics. Validating the statements involving the connecting words-difference between contradiction, converse and contapositive.
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
1. Statistics:
Measure of dispersion; mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data. Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances.

2. Probability :
Random experiments: outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events: occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exc lusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with the theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ & ‘or’ events.
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Relations and Functions :
Types of relations : reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.’
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions :
Definition, range, domaia, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trgonometric functions
ALGEBRA
1. Matrices:
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, Zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple properties of addition, multplication and scalar mulitiplication. Noncommutativity of multiplication of martices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertibel matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists (Here all matrices will have real entries).
2. Determinants :
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inerse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

CALCULUS

1. Continuity and Differentiability :
Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit function. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions and their
derivative. Logarithmic differentiation. Derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagranges mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric intepretations.
2. Applications of Derivatives :
Applications of derivatives : rate of change, increasing/ decreasing functions, tangents & normals, approximation,
maxima and minima a (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations.)
3. Integrals :
Integration as nverse process of differntiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of the type.Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
4. Applications of the Integrals :
Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, areas of circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only,) area between the two above said curves (the region should be clearly indentifiable).
5. Differential Equations :
Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order first degree.

VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

1. Vectors :
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction consines/ ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vecters, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors.
2. three – dimensional Geometry :
Direction consines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines, Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane, Distance of a point from a plane.

LINEAR PROGRAMMING

1. Linear Programming
lntroduction, definition of related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible region, feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three nontrivial constraints).

PROBABILTY

1. Probability :
Multiplication theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’s theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.

JCECE – 2016 CHEMISTRY FULL SYLLABUS

CHEMISTRY 

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

General Introduction :

Importance and scope of chemistry. Historical approach to particulate nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory : theory : concept of elements, atoms and molecules. Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass : percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.

Structure of Atom

Discovery of electron, proton and neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson’s model and its limitations, Rutherford’s model and its limitations. Borh’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, De Broglies relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals.

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties :

Significance and classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements-atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii. Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electro Magnetic Effects of current and Magnetism : Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot – Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loog in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loog as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Mangetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-dia-and ferromagnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their stengths. Permanent magnets.
negativity, valence.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure :

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond: bond parameters. Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital; theory of homo nuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), hydrogen bond.

States of Matter : gases and liquids :

Three states of matter. Intermolecular interactions, type of bonding, melting and boiling points. Role of gas laws in
elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle’s law, Charles law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ldeal behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro’s number. Ideal gas equation. Derivation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature. Liquid State-Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations.)

Thermodynamics :

Concepts of System, types of systems, surroundings. Work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics – internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ÎU and ÎH, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of: bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation. Phase transition, ionization, and dilution. Introduction of entropy as a state function, free energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, equilibrium.

Equilibrium :

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature e of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium – ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, concept of pH. Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea). Buffer solutions. Solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).

Redox Reactions :

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, applications of redox reactions.

Hydrogen :

Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial, physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions and structure; hydrogen as a fuel .

S-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)

Group 1 and Group 2 elements :General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens; uses.

Preparation and properties of some important compounds :

Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium. CaO, CaCO3 and industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca

Some P-Block Elements :

General introduction to p-Block Elements Group 13 elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, Variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group; Boron-physical and chemical properties, some important compounds: borax, boric acids, boron hydrides. Aluminium : uses, reactions with acids and alkalies. Group 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element, Carbon – catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some important compounds: oxides. Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and zeolites. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques General introduction method, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions; heterophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

Hydrocarbons : 

Classification of hydrocarbons Alkanes-Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical  roperties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism or halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis. Alkenes-Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene) geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods  f preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s a dition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation mechanism of electrophilic addition.  Alkynes-Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, Methods of preparation, chemical  reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of -hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water. Aromatic hydrocarbons : Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene: resonance aromaticity; chemical
properties : mechanism of electrophilic substitution. – nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s  alkylation and acylation: directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and
t  xicity.

Environmental Chemistry :

 Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in  tmosphere, smog, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain, ozone and its reactions effect of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming – pollution due to industrial wastes; green  chemistry as an alternative  ool for reducing pollution  strategy for control of environmental pollution.

Solid State : 

Classification of solids based on different binding forces:  molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids,  amprophous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two
dimensional a nd three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, voids, number of
atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties.

Solutions :

Types of   olutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions,  olligative properties -relative lowering of vapour  pressure, elevation of Boiling Point, depression of freezing  point,  osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass.

Electrochemistry :

Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells; corrosion.

Chemical Kinetics :

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst, order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate quations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementay idea, no mathematical treatment)

Surface Chemistry :

Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids; catalysis: homogenous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivily: enzyme catalysis; colloidal state: Distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic, multimolecular and macromolecular clloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsion – typesof emulsions.

Generla Principles and Processes of lsolation of Elements :

Principles and methods of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and lron….

P-Block Elements :

Group 15 elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen – perparation, properties and uses; compounds of nitrogen preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only) Phosphorous-allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCI3, PCI5) and oxoacids (elementary idea only)

Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemicla properties, dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses; simple oxides; Ozone. Sulphurallotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: preparation, properties and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only). 

Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric aoid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only)

Group 18 elements : General introduction, electronic configuration. Occurrence, trends in physical and chemicla properties, uses.

D and F Block Elemets :

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
Lanthanoids – electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction.
Actinoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states,

Coordination Compounds :
Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number colour, magnetic properties and shapes. IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. bonding; isomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes.
Haloalkanes:
Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties mechanism of substitution reactions.
Haloarenes :
Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (direvtive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only) Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT,
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers :
Ahenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses of methanol and ethanol.
Phenols : Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol,
electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Aldehydes and Ketones : Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.
Caboxylic Acids : Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods. of preparation, physical and chemical porperties; uses.
Organic compounds containing Nitrogen
Amines: Namenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses,
identifcation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose glycogen), importance.
Proteins – Elementary idea of ex- amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides proteins, primary structure, secondary
structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
Vitamins – Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids : DNA & RNA.
Polymers :
Classification – natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, rubber.

Chemistry in Everyday life:

1. Chemicals in medicines – analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility
dmgs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.

2. Chemicals in food – preservatives, artifcial sweetening agents.

3. Cleansing agents – soaps and detergents, cleansing

JCECE – 2016 PHYSICS FULL SYLLABUS

PHYSICS

Physical World and Measurement :

Physics – scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; physics, technology and society. Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; Sl units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement, significant figures. Dimensions of phycical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

 Kinematics :

Frame of reference. Motion in a straight line :Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velociy. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time position-time graphs, reations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment). Elementary concepts of differentation and integration fro describing motion. Scalar and vector quantities: position and displacement vectorsgeneral vectors and notation equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number, addition and subtraction of vectros. Relative velocity. Unit vector; Resolution of a vector in plane-rectangular components. motion in a plane. Cases of uniform circular motion.

 Laws of Motion :

Intuitive conept of force. Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road).

Work, Energy and Power :

Scalar product of vectors. Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power. Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. 

Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body :

Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conversation and center of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of uniform rod. Vector product of vectors; moment of force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum with some examples. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (on derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications

 Gravitation :

Keplar’s laws of planetary motion. The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geostationary satellites.

Properties of Bulk Matter :

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes). Effect of gravity of fiuid pressure. Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, Reynold’s number, streamline and turbulent flow. Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications.

Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory :

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature; rms speed of gas molecules, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heats of gases; concept of mean free path. Avogadro’s number.

Oscil llations and Waves :

Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacements as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation; phase, oscillations of a springrestoring force and force constant, energy in S.H.M -kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period free, forced and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance. Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of wave motion. displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect. Unit I: Electrostatics Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges, equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor, Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor. Van de Graaff generator.

Current Electricity :

Electric curren, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity. Cardon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors, series and parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metttre bridge. Potentiometer – principle and its applications to measure potenatial difference and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.

Magnetic Effects of current and Magnetism :

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot – Savart law and its application to current carrying circular  oop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. Force on a  oving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a  niform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced  y a current loog in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loog as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Mangetic dipole  oment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an  quivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-dia-and ferromagnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their stengths. Permanent magnets.

Electromagnetic and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Need for displacement current. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer. Electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Optics

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection an its applications,
optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula Magnification, power
of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of  ight – blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia and  stigmatism) using lenses. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wave front and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction usingHuygens’ principle. Interference, young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent  sources and sustanined interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarised light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation :

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observationsl; Einstein’s photoelectric quationparticle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson- Germer experiment.

Atoms & Nuclei :

Alpha-pariticle scattering experiment, Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.
Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isptones. Radioactivity alpha, beta and gamme
particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per
nucleon and its variation with mass number nuclear fission and fusion.

Electronic Devices :

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode – I – V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a
rectifier; I – V characteristics of LED, pho odiode, solar cell, and zener diode; zener diode as a voltage regulator
Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter
configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR). Transistor as a switch.

Communication Systems :

Elements of a communication system (block diagram only); bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data); bandwidth of transmission medium. Propagation of electromagnetic
waves in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation. Need for modulation. Production and detection of an amplitued-modulated wave.

© Copyright Entrance India - Engineering and Medical Entrance Exams in India | Website Maintained by Firewall Firm - IT Monteur